By Vladimir Uversky, Tilman Grune, Betul Catalgol, Tobias Jung
Reviews our present realizing of the position of protein oxidation in getting older and age-related diseases
Protein oxidation is on the middle of the getting older method. surroundings forth various new tools and methods, this ebook is helping researchers comfortably through exploring the getting older technique and constructing more beneficial treatments to avoid or deal with age-related illnesses. there were many reports devoted to the connection among protein oxidation and age-related pathology; now it really is attainable for researchers and readers to profit new thoughts as using protein oxidation items as biomarkers for aging.
Protein Oxidation and Aging starts with an outline of the great number of protein oxidation items. additionally, it covers:• significant features of the protein oxidation process
• mobile mechanisms for handling oxidized proteins
• position of protein oxidation in aging
• effect of genetic and environmental elements on protein oxidation
• Measuring protein oxidation within the getting older process
• Protein oxidation in age-related diseases
References on the finish of every bankruptcy function a gateway to the becoming physique of unique study experiences and studies within the box.
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Additional resources for Protein Oxidation and Aging (Wiley Series in Protein and Peptide Science)
Example text
1 Hydroxyl Radical During the oxidation of aliphatic amino acids by HO•, hydroxylated derivatives, notably of the side chains, are formed. These were partially characterized by Kopoldova and coworkers (105), and have been fully designed for valine and leucine (103). , thiols, vitamin E) and if there are vicinal tyrosyl radicals (106). Hydroxylation of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan is also one of the characteristic reactions of hydroxyl radicals, and similar reactions of histidine (giving 2-oxohistidine) are important (58).
4 Transfer between Sites Transfer reactions between side chains and from side chain to backbone and vice versa may occur. Several transfer 17 THE LARGE VARIETY OF PROTEIN OXIDATION PRODUCTS O O CH3 H3C – e aq CH3 – NH H3C CH3 H3C H HC H H NH H3C SO4 •– CH3 H2O/–H + H3C NH CH3 Reaction 24 CH3 Reaction 25 NH O O O NH O + + + HC H HO H3C NH FIG. 9 Reaction of a solvated electron with phenylalanine followed by protonation forms a cyclohexadienyl radical (reaction 24). , Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1504: 196–219, 2001).
Therefore, eNOS-dependent •NO synthesis regulates arterial pressure, however this regulation was proposed to be malfunctioning in human hypertension (187). Interestingly, nitric oxide is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport (188), binding reversibly to cytochrome oxidase. Additionally, the mitochondrial aconitase is a preferred target of superoxide and peroxynitrite. In particular, the [4Fe-4S] cluster might be disrupted, leading to a loss of enzymatic function (189). Because of the relatively short half-life and low levels of •NO in tissues and biological fluids, measurements of •NO production are often performed by determination of nitrite and nitrate—the final products of •NO metabolism.