By Kyoichi Sawamura (auth.), Dr. Masahiro Kato (eds.)

Biological range, or biodiversity, refers back to the common characteristic of all residing organisms that every person being is exclusive - that's, no organisms are exact. The biology of biodiversity needs to comprise all of the facets of evolutionary and ecological sciences examining the starting place, alterations, and upkeep of the di­ versity of dwelling organisms. at the present time biodiversity, which merits human existence in vari­ ous methods, is threatened via the growth of human actions. organic learn in biodiversity contributes not just to figuring out biodiversity itself but in addition to its conservation and usage. The Biology of Biodiversity used to be the area of expertise zone of the 1998 foreign Prize for Biology. The foreign Prize for Biology used to be proven in 1985 in commemoration of the sixty-year reign of the Emperor Showa and his longtime devotion to organic examine. The 1998 Prize was once offered to Professor Otto Thomas Solbrig, Harvard college, one of many authors of this e-book. together with the awarding of the overseas Prize for Biology, the 14th foreign Symposium with the subject of The Biology of Biodiversity was once held in Hayama at the ninth and tenth of December 1998, with monetary aid through a world symposium provide from the Ministry of schooling, technology, activities and tradition of Japan. The invited audio system have been selected with a purpose to conceal 4 simple features of biodiversity: species range and phylogeny, ecological biodiversity, improvement and evolution, and genetic range of dwelling organisms together with human beings.

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Does genetic diversity within populations limit the response to selection, especially in stressful or ecologically marginal environments? Answers to these questions, as well as further refinement of a statistical framework and algorithms for explicitly incorporating measures of genetic diversity into area planning will enhance our efforts to conserve biological diversity in a manner that recognises the dynamics of the evolutionary process. 32 C. Moritz Acknowledgements The research described here was supported by grants from the Australian Research Council, the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management and the Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage.

Number of species pairs used for the divergence-date estimation. bMeans of divergence times among the corresponding species-pairs are shown with one standard error. 3. 4 Divergence Date Estimates Among Teleosts The calibrated rate was used to estimate divergence times among teleost orders and among perciform families (Table 3). Estimated divergence times among five teleost orders dated back to the Paleozoic (mostly Permian). A somewhat broad range for the possible rates (the dark-shaded area in Fig.

Recent phylogenetic studies of cichlids based 011 molecular (Stiltmann et al. 1995; Zardoya et al. 1996; Streelman and Karl 1997; Streelman et al. 1998; Takahashi et al. 1998; Kanie and Nishida, manuscript in preparation) and morphological (Stiassny 1991) evidence consistently indicate that African and neotropical cichlids are monophyletic relative to each other, and that Indian and Malagasy species make outgroups of the African + neotropical clade. This phylogenetic framework is in good agreement with a currently well-accepted separation process of Gondwanaland (Smith et al.

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