By Moamar Sayed-Mouchaweh

This e-book addresses the issues of modeling, prediction, class, info realizing and processing in non-stationary and unpredictable environments. It offers significant and famous tools and techniques for the layout of platforms capable of research and to completely adapt its constitution and to regulate its parameters in line with the alterations of their environments. additionally offers the matter of studying in non-stationary environments, its pursuits, its functions and demanding situations and reviews the complementarities and the hyperlinks among the various tools and methods of studying in evolving and non-stationary environments.

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Extra resources for Learning from Data Streams in Dynamic Environments

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Let us suppose now that a new concept drift occurred in the conditional probability P(xjy1) of W1 as follows (see Fig. 9): x 2 W 1 ) x $ N ðM1 ¼ ð5; 6Þ, Σ 1 ¼ ð1, 1ÞÞ 22 2 Learning in Dynamic Environments 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Fig. 9 Drift in the class W1 passing from virtual to real concept drift. When the drift in W1 becomes real, the decision boundary is adversary impacted since the patterns of W1 enter the area of W2 in the feature space. All the patterns of W1 located in the area of W2 in the feature space will be then misclassified Some of the data samples belonging to the new concept drift of W1 will occupy the zone of class W2 in the feature space.

Let us suppose now that a new concept drift occurred in the conditional probability P(xjy1) of W1 as follows (see Fig. 9): x 2 W 1 ) x $ N ðM1 ¼ ð5; 6Þ, Σ 1 ¼ ð1, 1ÞÞ 22 2 Learning in Dynamic Environments 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Fig. 9 Drift in the class W1 passing from virtual to real concept drift. When the drift in W1 becomes real, the decision boundary is adversary impacted since the patterns of W1 enter the area of W2 in the feature space. All the patterns of W1 located in the area of W2 in the feature space will be then misclassified Some of the data samples belonging to the new concept drift of W1 will occupy the zone of class W2 in the feature space.

10a. The latter shows a pattern x belonging to W1. The classification decisions for x according to the individual learners are: L1 : yðxÞ ¼ 1; L2 : yðxÞ ¼ 2. In order to classify correctly x, L1 must have a weight greater than the one for L2. Hence, according to the weighted majority vote, the ensemble will issue the classification decision: yðxÞ ¼ 1. 48 3 Handling Concept Drift a b W1 W1 x W1 1 W2 W2 W2 1 L1 2 1 2 L2 x W1 W2 L1 2 1 2 L2 Fig. 10 Update of the individual learners’ weights in response to the occurrence of a drift based on the use of weighted majority vote Let us now suppose that a drift occurred as we can see in Fig.

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