By Hongyin Tao
This booklet presents a brand new manner of learning grammar. the fundamental thrust of the booklet is to enquire grammar in response to a prosodic unit, the intonation unit (IU), in spontaneous speech. the writer demanding situations the dominant perform within the examine of syntax, which has been to target the unit of the artificially built sentence. The publication exhibits that a few easy notions built from sentence-level facts frequently don't account good for speech info. for instance, in lots of types of syntactic conception, the fundamental syntactic constitution of any sentence is thought to include either an NP and a vice president (with diversifications in terminology). but the writer exhibits Mandarin sentence in spoken discourse can include a lone NP or a transitive verbal expression with none particular argument (which isn't really as a result of anaphora). even supposing the e-book issues Mandarin discourse and grammar, it will likely be of curiosity to scholars of quite a lot of fields, together with discourse research, syntax, dialog research, prosodic experiences, and typological reports.
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Additional resources for Units in Mandarin Conversation: Prosody, discourse, and grammar
Sample text
Such a neat alignment of finality with intonation contours is rarely the case in tone languages such as Mandarin, however. As pointed out by X. Shen (1990), contour shapes alone do not have much functional significance in Mandarin, simply because there is a great deal of interplay between lexical tones and the global intonation shape; for example, a rising final contour may be just due to the rising tonal contour of the last syllable. Because of this fact, X. 2. Although X. 6 PROSODIC PROPERTIES OF MIUs 45 In dealing with the issue of prosodie manifestations of functional types of intonation units, we will consider for the time being only the first three of the five types of auditorily transcribed intonation units: final (period marked), continuing (comma marked), and question (question mark marked), and will exclude exclamatory and truncated intonation units.
Still in other cases, the zero slot is in a sense inherent, and there is never an argument to be specified. Typical of this type are weather expressions, such as xíà yŭ le '(it's) raining', where no agent-like arguments are expected. These zero argument slots are called null arguments. Thus we can see that under the heading of elliptical clause, there are several different types of zero-marking constructions. The recognition of the diverse types gives us a better understanding of the grammar of Mandarin.
Nī, 2SG you, → .. nĭ yŏu shénme shì le P > Q > . ' (HK) The examples given above illustrate a variety of low transitivity clauses. 21). iii) Intransitive clauses. Clauses which have an action verb that takes only one argument. 23) below. 22) Y: Uh. uh 'Right. . (8)Houlái, later 'Later, → .. ^ò lái le ge `jĭngchē=. again come PRF CLF policexar another police car arrived.