By Margarita N. Favorskaya, Lakhmi C. Jain
This publication offers the newest advances in remote-sensing and geographic info structures and purposes. it really is divided into 4 components, concentrating on Airborne mild Detection and varying (LiDAR) and Optical Measurements of Forests; person Tree Modelling; panorama Scene Modelling; and wooded area Eco-system Modelling.
Given the scope of its insurance, the publication bargains a necessary source for college kids, researchers, practitioners, and educators drawn to distant sensing and geographic info platforms and applications.
Read or Download Handbook on Advances in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems: Paradigms and Applications in Forest Landscape Modeling PDF
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Extra info for Handbook on Advances in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems: Paradigms and Applications in Forest Landscape Modeling
Sample text
On the one hand, a value of the atmospheric transmission factor ηatm can be neglected due to very clear atmospheric conditions and small ranges. On the other hand, the model covers the large range differences. This leads to consider the factor ηatm. , temperature, water vapor, or aerosol concentration) and the high spatial variability of these parameters, an approximated value for parameter a has to be chosen as the average atmospheric conditions of a flight. , Pt, D, system losses) that are assumed to be constant within a flight, using the same ALS system settings.
The ALS systems record the return amplitude of echoes with a full-waveform digitization. The emitted laser shot interacts with the surface, generating the backscatter. The received signal as a function of time contains one or more peaks that correspond to the distinct reflections of a laser beam from the opaque or penetrable (like trees or shrubs) objects. Notice that in a field of the ALS, the terms “signal intensity”, “reflectance intensity”, and “pulse reflectance’ are often used as synonym for the return amplitude or energy of one echo.
Canada), the Riegl Laser Measurement Systems GmbH (Austria), the Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. ), and the YellowScan (France). 3 Overview of Airborne Laser Scanning A typical LiDAR system consists of a laser scanner and Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) navigation components. The laser scanner mounted on the platform produces a wide swath over, which the distances to the mapped surface are measured. The distances from the sensor to the mapped surface are computed by the time delay between the laser pulse transmission and detection.