By Bart Hendrickx

In Energiya-Buran: the Soviet house Shuttle, the authors describe the lengthy improvement direction of the Soviet area trip method, such as the Energiya rocket and the Buran orbiter. this system ultimately observed only one unmanned flight in November 1988 ahead of the top of the chilly conflict and the cave in of the Soviet Union sealed its destiny.

After a Foreword supplied through lead Buran try out pilot Igor Volk, the authors examine the event steadily amassed in high-speed aeronautics with the advance of assorted Soviet rocket planes and intercontinental cruise missiles among the Thirties to Nineteen Fifties and the learn of numerous small spaceplanes within the Sixties. subsequent the authors clarify how the perceived army probability of the U.S. house commute resulted in the choice in February 1976 to construct a Soviet an identical, and discover the evolution of the layout till it used to be frozen in 1979. Following it is a designated technical description of either Energiya and Buran and a glance at nominal flight eventualities and emergency occasions, highlighting similarities and changes with the U.S. house Shuttle.

The authors then extend at the managerial points of the Energiya-Buran software, sum up the most layout bureaus and construction amenities desirous about the venture and describe the infrastructure had to delivery the and get ready it for release on the Baikonur cosmodrome. They move directly to element the choice and coaching of groups of civilian and armed forces try pilots for Buran, workforce assignments for the 1st manned missions and preparatory flights aboard Soyuz spacecraft.

Next the focal point turns to the vast try software that preceded the 1st flight of Buran, particularly the customarily trouble-plagued try firings of rocket engines, the 1st flight of Energiya with the enigmatic Polyus payload, try flights of subscale versions and atmospheric strategy and touchdown exams. After an research of Western hypothesis at the Soviet area go back and forth attempt within the pre-glasnost period, a close account is given of ultimate arrangements for the maiden flight of Buran and the project itself.

In the ultimate chapters the authors examine the slow death of the venture within the early Nineties, the destiny of the Soviet orbiters and their cosmodrome infrastructure, cancelled missions, and the various deliberate derivatives of the Energiya rocket. consciousness can also be paid to technological spin-offs equivalent to the Zenit and Sea release initiatives and the RD-180 and RD-191 rocket engines. eventually, an outline is given of other spaceplane proposals in the course of and after the Buran period, together with the MAKS air-launched spaceplane, the Kliper spacecraft and numerous single-stage-to-orbit platforms.

The booklet closes off with key necessities of the Energiya-Buran method, brief biographies of the Buran pilots, an intensive checklist of Russian acronyms, a quick bibliographical essay and a close index. established principally on Russian resources, it truly is richly illustrated with a few 250 images and diagrams.

Although Energiya-Buran was once basically a software of unfulfilled gives you and shattered goals, it represented a huge technological leap forward for the Soviet Union and its tale merits to be told.

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Extra info for Energiya-Buran: The soviet space-shuttle

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Work was temporarily suspended after the German invasion in June 1941, when NII-3 concentrated all its e€orts on the famous Katyusha missiles. However, in 1942 Stalin ordered work to be resumed, with aircraft designer Matus Bisnovat joining the team in early 1943. A glider version called 302P was ¯own several times in late 1943 (towed by Tu-2 and B-25 aircraft) and was piloted among others by the later cosmonaut candidate Sergey Anokhin. Unfortunately, development problems with both the rocket and ramjet engines, the availability of the BI ®ghters, and the decreasing interest in rocket-propelled interceptors eventually led to the cancellation of the project in early 1944.

POST-WAR ROCKET PLANES With turbojet development in the Soviet Union slow to take o€, there was continued interest in rocket-propelled aircraft in the ®rst post-war years, not only to counter the new threat of US strategic bombers, but also to explore the behavior of aircraft at supersonic speeds. One project was initiated before the end of the war at NII-1, the new name given to the former NII-3 after it had merged in May 1944 with Bolkhovitinov's OKB-293 (which also included a rocket engine department headed by Isayev).

Ru) 16 The roots of Buran Burya lifts o€ (source: NPO Lavochkin). Burya in ¯ight (source: NPO Lavochkin). Spaceplanes of the 1950s and 1960s 17 Keldysh's NII-1, which had once again become independent in 1952 after having been a branch of the Central Institute for Aviation Materials (TsIAM) since 1948, had overall scienti®c supervision of the cruise missile e€ort, relying on its earlier experience in high-speed and high-altitude aeronautics obtained during the antipodal bomber projects. All cruise missiles consisted of a ``core stage'' with air-breathing scramjet engines, ¯anked by rocket-powered ``strap-on boosters'' (two for Burevestnik and Burya and four for Buran), giving them an appearance somewhat reminiscent of the Space Shuttle.

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