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Extra resources for ECOLOGY - POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS
Sample text
Not all insects feed on marsh grass. Also the accuracy of the individual estimates of rates probably varies. Each living compartment in the system takes up energy. In the case of the photosynthetic organisms this is in the form of light; the other organisms are heterotrophic: they take up organic material, some of which is used for growth and reproduction and some of which is degraded into carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts in order to meet the energy requirements of the organisms. Note that most of the marsh grass production is degraded by bacteria many of which are subsequently washed off shore ('exports') together with various other debris.
Koch observes that it is not a trivial thing that the organism is capable of displaying balanced growth over a wide span of rates as this implies complicated regulations of the synthesis rate of RNA and other macromolecules. Since the rate at which protein is synthesised per ribosome is invariant with the growth rate, the RNA contents per cell should be proportional to the growth rate constant and the rate of synthesis of RNA must then be proportional to the square of the growth rate constant. Koch also found that at very low growth rates, when the cells are starved, they contain an excess of RNA (relative to the above expectation) which could be considered a costly investment for the cell.
The problem is general, of course, and the reason seems to be the lack of an appropriate market mechanism (a few large libraries buy whatever is published, so publishers can still make a profit by starting new journals) and also the competition for funds and positions seem to be won through numbers of papers rather than by their contents. 42 DELIMITATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ECOLOGY This is an especially serious problem for a research discipline which is somewhat diffuse and soft and in which in particular the 'uniqueness' of each ecological system can be abused to produce a flood of trivial publications.