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Extra resources for PSA as Aid to Nuclear Powerplant Management (csni86-125)
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1 Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Station Accident 14 Zirconium oxide coating Zirconium agglomerates UO2 pellet Fig. 4 Oxidated and split status of fuel rod in NSRR test large amount of radioactivity was diffused in the loop. It was obvious that the fuel rod had been damaged. “The fuel rod that withstood the intense heat broke down as soon as their temperatures dropped when the reactor operation was stopped. ” It was a strange way of breaking. When the test loop was opened, they found blackened and disintegrated pieces of fuel rods (see Fig.
The problem here is that, because the safety criteria of 1,200 °C has become so famous, surprisingly a large number of nuclear professionals believe that a core starts to melt when the surface temperatures of zircaloy cladding tubes exceed 1,200 °C. We have studied the PCM test so we are now aware that this belief is quite incorrect. They held quite firm. The reason was that the temperatures of fuel rods did not reach 1,500 °C all at once but rather each fuel rod had its own history of gradual temperature rise, during which an oxide film was formed on the surface of each fuel rod.
7 Conclusion from TMI Accident As the conclusion of this chapter, I will compile here the facts that will be needed in the analysis of the Fukushima accident. The light water reactor fuel (core) does not collapse by melting even if the temperature rises to a red-hot condition due to imbalance of output and cooling. However, if fuel rods that are in red-hot condition are quenched, the fuel rods will get split up into pieces and the core will collapse. The collapsed fuel’s debris will be generally cooled by the water running around them so they will maintain their shapes.