By Alasdair H. Neilson
This quantity addresses a vast spectrum of the environmental matters surrounding natural bromine and iodine compounds. It covers their partition one of the environmental booths and the possibility of their long-range dissemination. the real factor in their atmospheric chemistry is mentioned intimately within the context of ozone depletion and international warming, and the numerous distinction among the reactions of methyl bromide and methyl iodide are underscored. The mammalian toxicity is mentioned and the mechanisms of the degradation and transformation of natural bromine and iodine compounds addressed. there was huge curiosity in clearly happening metabolites within the present debate at the destiny and partition of methyl bromide that's an incredible fungicide and is produced in monstrous amounts as a metabolite of marine algae. the prospective typical prevalence of diphenyl ethers which are used as flame retardants have additionally been raised. A dialogue is given on believable mechanisms for the biosynthesis of consultant natural bromine and natural iodine metabolites. response pathways are illustrated all through and accomplished references are given.
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Extra resources for Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
Example text
Strain B1B [66]. Effective degradation of a number of congeners in Arochlor 1242 was induced by carvone that could not, however, be used as a growth substrate and was toxic at high concentrations (>500 mg/l). Other structurally related compounds including limonene, p-cymene, and isoprene were also effective. Fig. 24. 3 Biotransformation to Dihydrodiols Very substantial effort has been directed to studying the transformation of aromatic hydrocarbons to the dihydrodiols on account of possible biotechnological interest: 1.
S. Allard · A. H. Neilson toluene dioxygenase and the third chlorotoluene dioxygenase: the data for Pseudomonas putida strain UV4 are from [21]. 2 Benzoates The metabolism of benzoate was studied in a mutant of Alcaligenes eutrophus that was blocked in benzoate degradation. The first reaction was dioxygenation with formation of a 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dihydrodiol-1-carboxylate–tentatively the cis- isomer [164]. Benzoate dioxygenase is a two-component enzyme of which the reductant contains FAD and [2Fe-2S].
Neilson a b Fig. 28a,b. Dechlorination in Phanerochaete chrysosporium: a 2,4-dichlorophenol (Redrawn from [210]); b 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by oxidative reduction (Redrawn from [160]) termediates may then occur by the pathways used for halogenated catechols. From the broad specificity of aniline oxygenase (Table 54), it is plausible to assume that the pathway for all 4-halogenated anilines is the same. Despite many further investigation on the degradation of chloroanilines and the isolation of further strains able to carry this out (references in [18]) there seems not to have been any major development in exploring the mechanism except (i) confirmation that the degradation of aniline proceeds by an initial dioxygenation [59] and (ii) that the initial dioxygenase for aniline and 3-chloroaniline are different [18].