By Pierre Miquel
Книга по истории Европы, описывает период с 1450 по 1550 гг.
Содержит большое число иллюстраций по культуре и быту европейцев в эпоху великих географических открытий.
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Extra info for Au temps des grandes decouvertes: 1450-1550
Example text
The island was militarily strong and exotically rich, attributes that were symbolized by the handle of the king’s dagger or kris, a bejeweled and sculpted piece of gold weighing two pounds, and carried by a bearer. This beautiful object was the first and foremost of many krisses that became emblems of Bali’s wealth and savagery. Widow burning compounded the fascination of Bali’s Hinduism. This practice of satia or “sutee” was already known to the Europeans from India, and remained a major motif of Bali into the twentieth century.
The kingdom of Gèlgèl, which preceded the nine kingdoms, laid the foundations for the development of modern Balinese culture. The subsequent increase in the number of courts, each elaborating and extending the varieties of ritual, art, theater and music on the island, deepened that culture. This is the Bali that the Dutch, motivated by economic interests and a desire to tidy up the imperial map of the Netherlands East Indies, finally conquered in the nineteenth century. They struggled to gain control of the island from 1846 to 1908 and it took them seven separate military expeditions to fully defeat the Balinese kings and puzzle out the political system.
It was important for Dutch sailors to see Bali as Hindu, not Islamic, in the seventeenth century, at the same time as it was important for Balinese that Bali was the center of a great empire taking in parts of Java and the islands of Eastern Indonesia. In the eighteenth century the Dutch saw it as a backwater of the slave trade, yet the Balinese were mainly preoccupied with the creation of new kingdoms by dynamic princes. In the nineteenth century Bali was chaotic and violent to the English and Dutch colonists, yet to the Balinese it was a domain in which a struggle for status and hierarchy was taking place.