By F. Calogero (auth.), Professor Dr. Vladimir E. Zakharov (eds.)

The notion of devoting an entire e-book to this subject was once born at one of many Workshops on Nonlinear and Turbulent procedures in Physics happening reg­ ularly in Kiev. aside from E. D. Siggia and N. Ercolani, all authors of this quantity have been contributors on the 3rd of those workshops. them all have been familiar with one another and with each one other's paintings. but it a little of a discovery that each one of them have been and try to appreciate a similar challenge - the matter of integrability of dynamical platforms, essentially Hamiltonian ones with an enormous variety of levels of freedom. without doubt that they (or to be extra detailed, we) have been ended in this via the logical technique of clinical evolution which regularly results in self reliant, nearly simultaneous discoveries. Integrable, or, extra adequately, precisely solvable equations are necessary to theoretical and mathematical physics. you will say that they represent the "mathematical nucleus" of theoretical physics whose objective is to explain genuine clas­ sical or quantum platforms. for instance, the kinetic gasoline conception might be thought of to be a conception of a procedure that's trivially integrable: the procedure of classical noninteracting debris. one of many major initiatives of quantum electrodynamics is the advance of a thought of an integrable perturbed quantum method, particularly, noninteracting electromagnetic and electron-positron fields.

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46) resp. 56) correspond to N =1 resp. N =2.. Why Are Certain Nonlinear PDEs Both Widely Applicable and Integrable? 33 3. C-Integrable Equations In this section we briefly discuss a number of C-integrable equations. In contrast to the findings reported in the preceding sections, these results have not yet been published, nor submitted for publication elsewhere, as this chapter is being completed, in December 1987; although undoubtedly some of the equations reported below have already appeared in the literature.

79) also proves expedient to transform a linear equation for u(x, t) into a nonlinear equation for v(e, t).

This provides, of course, an additional motivation to single them out as worthy of study. Note that each of these model equations should be seen as the limiting case of an entire class of nonlinear POEs. This suggests an obvious methodology to demonstrate their integrability: to find just one integrable equation within the class of their ''parent'' equations. Moreover, this also implies that if they tum out not to be integrable (S-integrable or C-integrable, as the case may be), then the same negative conclusion applies to the entire class of their parent equations (see the discussion at the end of the preceding section).

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