By Joel M. Schnur, Martin Peckerar
The 3rd foreign convention on man made Microstructures in organic study (SMIBR) used to be held in Williamsburg, Virginia, September 9-12, 1991. This e-book represents the compilation of a number of the papers and posters provided on the assembly. guides because of past SMIBR conferences held at Airlie condo, Airlie, Virginia (March 24-26, 1986 and March 20-23, 1988) could be received from the Institute of electric and digital Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) carrier middle (908 562-5418). the aim of those meetings is to supply an interface among the engineering neighborhood and people on the innovative of organic and similar fabric technology. The overriding cause for assembling representatives from those various disciplines is obvious. Engineers, even in 1986, may possibly control fabrics over dimensional scales at the order of these serious to organic structures. The units that emerge from those manipulations may then be adapted to watch method functionality extra without delay with considerably extra localization than ever sooner than. therefore, one very important target of the conferences is to supply the distinctive requirements required for powerful interfacing of units with organic platforms below investiga tion.
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Yager, and J. M. Schnur, Tubule formation by heterobifunctional polymerizable lipids: synthesis and characterization, Polymer Preprints 27:393 (1986). 5. B. Hupfer, H. Ringsdorf; and H. Schupp, Liposome from polymerizable phospholipids, Chem. Phys. Lipids 33:355 (1983). 6. P. Yager, P. E. Schoen, Formation of tubules by a polymerizable surfactant, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 106:371 (1984). 7. J . H. Georger, A Singh, R. R. Price, J. M. Schnur, P. Yager, and P. E. Schoen, Helical and tubular microstructures formed by polymerizable phosphatidylcholines, J.
The lipid was sonicated (Branson Sonifier 250, sonicating cup) above the phase transition temperature of each lipid until the solution became translucent. The temperature was maintained using a MGW Lauda RC6 circulating water bath. The sonicated solution was cooled to room temperature and then kept at 4°C for at least 3 hrs. Then, the lipid samples were heated at 80°C for 45 minutes. The temperature was slowly cooled to a few degrees below the exothermic transition temperature of the lipid at < 1°C/min.
0. 18) were examined by transmission electron microscopy (Figures 2d-f) . The tubules formed from all three lipids consisted of a thin wall of lipid of similar thickness around an aqueous core. 2 M aq. 6). In the presence of CI04' , a bimodal population of tubule-like cylinders, similar in average diameters to that seen in the presence of Cl, was observed. Lm was 34 Figure 2. 2 urn. formed. 12 urn, respectively. 18) revealed that the thickness of the tubule walls was similar to that seen in Figures 2d-f.