By Donald Nute (auth.), Henry E. Kyburg Jr., Ronald P. Loui, Greg N. Carlson (eds.)
This sequence will contain monographs and collections of stories dedicated to the research and exploration of data, info, and knowledge processing platforms of all types, irrespective of even if human, (other) ani mal, or computing device. Its scope is meant to span the total variety of pursuits from classical difficulties within the philosophy of brain and philosophical psy chology via matters in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the psychological services of alternative species) to principles relating to synthetic intelli gence and machine technology. whereas fundamental emphasis could be positioned upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological features of those difficulties and domain names, empirical, experimental, and methodological reports also will ap pear every now and then. the current quantity presents a set of experiences that concentrate on a number of the primary difficulties in the area of synthetic intelligence. those problems fall into 4 primary parts: defeasible reasoning (including the body challenge as apart), usual language (and the illustration prob lems that it generates), the revision of ideals (and its principles of inference), and information illustration (and the logical difficulties which are encountered there). those papers make unique contributions to every of those components of inquiry and will be of distinctive curiosity to people who comprehend the an important function that's performed by means of questions of logical shape. They vividly illustrate the advantages which can emerge from collaborative efforts concerning students from linguistics, philosophy, computing device technological know-how, and AI. J. H. F.
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Extra info for Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning
Sample text
Note that the traditional approach would have used a set offrame axioms including (Va, X, y, z, s, s')[[holding(R, X, s) /\ s' = Result(W alk( R, X, z), s)] ---+ holding(R, X, s')] and similar ones for every other action which does not affect holding, in place of (A2). Explanation closure axioms are more succinct than sets of such frame axioms because there are typically few actions that change a given fluent, but many fluents that are unaffected by a given action. s Besides, (as suggested earlier) frame axioms do not generalize to worlds with concurrent actions.
C5 says that the consequent of a strict rule is evident from a set of premises if its condition is evident, the complement of its consequent is not strictly derivable, and 15 Nute it is not defeated by another strict rule. This is a difference between SDL proofs and the proofs in [Nute88j where strict rules could not defeat each other even when their antecedents are only evident. C6 specifies when the consequent of a defeasible rule is evident from a set of premises, and C7 and C8 tell us when a literal is not evident from some set of premises.
This example suggests the following natural principle for partially ordering rules in a defeasible theory: a defeasible rule A ==? > p is superior to another defeasible rule B ==? > q in a defeasible theory