By Committee on Biomolecular Materials and Processes, National Research Council
Scientists have lengthy wanted to create artificial structures that functionality with the precision and potency of organic structures. utilizing new concepts, researchers at the moment are uncovering ideas which could permit the production of man-made fabrics which may practice initiatives as certain as organic platforms. to evaluate the present paintings and destiny promise of the biology-materials technology intersection, the dept of strength and the nationwide technology beginning requested the NRC to spot the main compelling questions and possibilities at this interface, recommend thoughts to deal with them, and view connections with nationwide priorities equivalent to healthcare and fiscal progress. This booklet provides a dialogue of ideas governing biomaterial layout, an outline of complex fabrics for chosen capabilities resembling strength and nationwide protection, an overview of biomolecular fabrics examine instruments, and an exam of infrastructure and assets for bridging organic and fabrics technology.
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Extra resources for Inspired by Biology: From Molecules to Materials to Machines
Sample text
These seemingly futuristic touchstones represent some of the future impact that could be realized through the understanding and exploitation of functional properties of biomolecular materials. Following discussion of certain areas of research, specific challenges and opportunities are outlined at the end of this chapter. Alternative and Renewable Energy from Biomolecular Materials and Processes Life requires energy and the continual conversion of energy from one form to another. Biological systems have adopted diverse means by which to convert between different forms of energy in order to compete and survive.
Success in this industry will require focused research to understand and utilize plant genetics, chemical processing methods to recover useful materials from the crops, and means to efficiently produce carbon-rich fuels from these biomaterials. Biomimetic Photosynthesis Photosynthesis, the conversion of solar energy into stored chemical energy, is a key biological process that sustains life on Earth. The energy-rich molecules produced by photosynthesis are primarily reduced carbon compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are difficult to convert into chemical fuels.
For example, highly precise and symmetric capsid and capsidlike structures can serve as templates for novel new materials such as oriented quantum-dot nanowires. The use of viruses or other biomolecular materials such as proteins, including engineered proteins, as structured building blocks to create larger structures represents an important opportunity in hierarchical self-assembly. Another example of hierarchical self-assembly is implicated in amyloid diseases, in which peptides assemble into beta-sheet tapes, which assemble into ribbons (double tapes), fibrils (twisted stacks of ribbons), and ultimately fibers (entwined fibrils).