By G. Remuzzi, S. Chiaramonte, N. Perico, C. Ronco

As fresh advances in immunosuppression and apheresis recommendations have opened new avenues for the administration of humoral immunity, curiosity in ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation has been renewed. additionally, new screening recommendations - reminiscent of the one antigen bead assay - let for the detection and definition of very low degrees of alloantibody, which has had a favorable influence at the remedy probabilities in hugely sensitized grownup sufferers with end-stage renal illness. yet regardless of those advances, a theoretical cause continues to be lacking for either the choice to transplant a sensitized sufferer and the category of the transplant as low, medium or excessive hazard. there's additionally no uniform method with reference to pre-transplant desensitization protocols, and it truly is doubtful no matter if specific post-transplant immunosuppression can be required and what often is the top mixture remedy. final yet no longer least, the frequency and genuine medical effect of alloantibodies built after transplantation on brief- and long term graft survival must be ascertained. Aimed particularly on the clinician, this book offers contemporary insights within the characterization and pathogenetic function of humoral immunity in continual allograft damage and investigates the views for novel immunosuppressive cures to manage antibody construction after transplantation.

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Additional info for Humoral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation: What Clinicians Need to Know (Contributions to Nephrology)

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9 mg/dl throughout this post-transplantation follow-up period. Discussion Accommodation of the renal allograft to anti-ABO blood group antibody has been observed in recipients of ABOi renal transplantation; however, the temporal relationship of the onset of accommodation to implantation of the organ remains unknown. The governing paradigm for the last 20 years has been that long-term B-cell suppression through splenectomy and/or anti-CD20 therapy was necessary to prevent AMR which could occur at any time but principally during the first year.

Transplantation 1992;54:656–660. org/data/). Kissmeyer-Nielsen F, Olsen S, Petersen VP, Fjeldborg O: Hyperacute rejection of kidney allografts, associated with pre-existing humoral antibodies against donor cells. Lancet 1966;ii: 662–665. Patel R, Terasaki PI: Significance of the positive crossmatch test in kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med 1969;280:735–739. Williams GM, Hume DM, Hudson RPJ, Morris PJ, et al: ‘Hyperacute’ renal-homograft rejection in man. N Engl J Med 1968;279:611–618. Starzl TE, Marchioro TL, Holmes JH, et al: Renal homografts in patients with major donor-recipient blood group incompatibilities.

Posttransplantation immunosuppression included induction treatment with two doses of daclizumab, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and steroids. Patients received another dose of IVIG (2 g/kg) 1 month after transplantation. The initial results of 42 patients, where the cross-match was completely abrogated in 35 patients and 7 remained CDC negative but flow cytometry (FC) cross-matchpositive, showed that 13 patients (31%) developed acute rejection and 3 (7%) lost the allograft due to rejection. Patient and graft survival rates were 98 and 89%, respectively, at 2 years.

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