By Chaofen Sun

This pioneering paintings makes on hand the result of the latest research—not merely the author’s yet that of students everywhere in the world—on of the main mentioned issues within the historical past of chinese language: word-order swap and grammaticalization.

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Extra resources for Word-order change and grammaticalization in the history of Chinese

Example text

Once these associations became opaque, a greater decline followed. But the parameter cannot be set at this time, since other adjuncts, like comparative and source/location, 8. , Shishuo xinyu; for 900, Dunhuang bianwen; for 1200, Zhuzi yu/ei; for 1400, Zhangxie zhangyuan (Zhou 1958); for 1800, Qiexia wuyi (Yu 1889); and for 1986, Shiren zhaoxiangbu (Liu Xinwu). 84 See footnote 8 to this chapter. though not as basic as actors and objects, still commonly occurred as postverbal PPs in Middle Chinese and Early Mandarin.

2. The Semantics of BA and JIANG The history of BA has been closely associated with the linguistic sign JIANG. Historically, the two seem to have been used interchangeably, although in Middle Chinese uses of JIANG were more numerous than were those of BA. In Modern Mandarin, JIANG is no longer used in the spoken language, though it still occurs in written texts, but in Modern Cantonese it is JIANG that is favored, and BA is used hardly at all. In this section, I will treat SA and JIANG as more or less equivalent, and discuss their semantics.

Suppose it is true that BA functions to mark the complete affectedness of an entity (thus the sentence is temporally bounded). But if the existence of this entity marked by BA is not presupposed (nonspecific) in the world of discourse, then we have no reason to speak of the complete affectedness of something that is nonexistent. Maybe this is why the NP marked by BA cannot be nonspecific. In studying the co-referential properties of the complex predicate in Modem Mandarin, James Huang observes (1991a) that some complex predicates are best treated as transitive.

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