By W F Vinen (auth.), Nicole Bontemps, Yvan Bruynseraede, Guy Deutscher, Aharon Kapitulnik (eds.)

One of the main dazzling effects of the outline of the superfluid condensate in superfluid He or in superconductors as a unmarried macroscopic quantum kingdom is the quantization of movement, leading to quantized vortex strains. This e-book attracts no contrast among superfluid He3 and He4 and superconductors. The reader will locate the fundamental introductory chapters and the newest theoretical and experimental growth in our realizing of the vortex nation in either superconductors and superfluids, from lectures given through best specialists within the box, either experimentalists and theoreticians, who accumulated in Cargèse for a NATO ASI. The extraordinary positive aspects relating to brief coherence lengths, second geometry, excessive temperatures, affliction, and pinning are completely mentioned.

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Clem, J. R (1991) Phys. Rev. B 43, 7837. Clem,1. R (1993) Physica A (to be published). Clem, J. R, and Coffey, M. W. (1990) Phys. Rev. B 42, 6209. Clem, J. R, Coffey, M. , and Hao, Z. (1991), Phys. Rev B 44,2732. De Gennes, P. G. (1966) Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys, Benjamin, New York, p. 60. , and Villard, C. (1990a) Mod. Phys. Lett. B4, 9. , and Villard, C. (1990b) Phys. Rev. Lett. 65,919. Feigel'man, V, Geshkenbein, V. , and Larkin, A. (1990) Physica C 167, 177. Fetter, A. , and Hohenberg, P.

In these lectures, we highlight these developments by describing how flux lines interact with correlated pinning centers and with each other. To account for thermal fluctuations, one must average over vortex configurations. Because the configuration sums bear a strong resemblance to the imaginary time path integral formulation of quantum mechanics [16], wave functions and binding energies which appear in simple quantum problems (such as the square well and the harmonic oscillator) have important implications for flux lines.

Adding the two contributions gives (aside from logarithmic corrections) the energy [Clem (1993)] (12) for the energy of a short Josephson string of length Ax. Note that the approximate expressions for the long and short Josephson string (Elong and Eshort) become equal when Ax=A]="(s. c becomes large. 6. Flux Pinning The above ideas help to provide an understanding of some of the numerous experiments that have been done on the high-temperature superconductors. Many experiments have been done to examine the dependence of the transpOlt properties, such as the effective resistivity p and the critical-current density le, on the angle e of the vortices relative to the c axis.

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