By Philip Ball
Nice evaluate OF trend FORMATION.
FOR THE LAYMAN.
LITTLE MATH.
APPENDICES ARE great. maybe extra might have been stated approximately SYMMETRY BREAKING.
BUT, total, nice publication. rather well WRITTEN and interesting.
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Extra info for The Self-Made Tapestry: Pattern Formation in Nature
Example text
Soaps contain molecules called surfactants, which have a tendency to migrate from the bulk of the liquid to the surface, where their presence greatly reduces the surface tension. This means that surfaces cost less, and a larger surface area can be sustained. Notice that, although our intuition tells us that bubbles have a 'stronger skin' than pure water, they can exist at all only because their surface tension is lower. 1: Energy and equilibrium Energy is a term that is put to many uses, but in science its meaning is precise: a system's energy is its capacity for doing mechanical work, for moving objects against forces.
Fig. 6 The surface tension of the liquid in a soap bubble's skin is lowered by the presence of the soap molecules at the surface. These molecules, members of a class called surfactants, have a water-soluble head and a water-insoluble tail, which pokes out from the water surface. html (1 of 2) [26-8-2008 22:18:05] Document Although soap surfactants will dissolve in water, they prefer to position themselves at the water surface, where the water-insoluble tails can poke above the surface while the water-soluble heads remain in solution (Fig.
Whether or not D'Arcy Thompson was right to ascribe the origin of the honey-comb's design to this effect, he was right about the way that bubbles pack. Fig. 5°. This is beautifully illustrated by soap films formed within a tetrahedral wire frame (see Appendix 1). html (1 of 2) [26-8-2008 22:18:09] Document Fig. 11 The structures taken up by soap films and bubbles held within fixed boundaries are dictated by Plateau's rules. ) But most foams are three-dimensional, and this means that Plateau borders along the edges of the polyhedral cells converge at their vertices.