By Priska Schäfer, Will Ritzrau, Michael Schlüter, Jörn Thiede
The northern North Atlantic is without doubt one of the areas such a lot delicate to earlier and current worldwide adjustments. This publication integrates the result of an interdisciplinary venture learning the homes of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas and the tactics of pelagic and benthic particle formation, particle delivery, and deposition within the deep-sea sediments. Ice-related and biogeochemical procedures were investigated to decipher the spatial and temporal variability of the construction and destiny of natural carbon during this zone. Isotopic stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages and paleotemperatures are mixed to reconstruct paleoceanographic stipulations and to version prior climatic adjustments within the past due Quaternary. The Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas can now be one in every of the simplest studied subbasins of the world`s oceans.
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Sample text
The summer value for June to September is equal to the remaining 40% (Fig. 15). The winter melt occurs primarily along the ice edge, which has some interesting implications for the release of lithogenic material from the melt of old ice. This winter value also contains the melt of first-year ice, most of which has melted or grown in situ within the Is Odden-Nordbukta region. Figure 14 clearly shows this oscillation during the first four months of 1997. The ratio between the amount of old ice versus first-year ice is difficult to establish since the current satellite algorithms used for determining the fraction of old ice result in large errors.
11: Distribution of old ice during the month of September 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 Ramseier et al. g. 75 0 N 116 ± 5d Year day Fig. 12: Model of brightness temperature behavior as a function of free water within the snow pack. 008 m. As long as the snow is cold, most of the emitted energy originates at the snow-ice interface. In other words the snow is nearly transparent to the energy received by the sensor. In late winter or early spring, due to the absorption of short-wave solar radiation, some internal melting can take place within the surface layer of the snow pack at air temperatures below the freezing point.
5° N provides a basis for the correlation of the onset of primary production with the onset of melt (which will include some lag). The thick arrows in Figure 12, at the top and bottom of the figure, illustrate the onset of melt at 75° N. porates most of the lithogenic particles, occurs in the corridor of the East Greenland Current (ECG) defined on its eastern side by the 1000-m isobath (Fig. 2). This old ice originates in the Arctic Ocean. Between June and July, old ice melts rapidly in this area from a concentration of more than 80 % at the beginning of May to 0 % by July.