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Extra info for The Georgia kaolins : geology and utilization
Example text
These routine measurements are commonly performed on degritted or fractionated kaolin that contains trace quantities of coexisting phases. Particle size distribution is a key characteristic of kaolin that directly controls performance in paper-coating systems. 1). Although kaolin is naturally fine, processing is usually required in order to meet particle size specifications. Recently a trend has emerged toward creating what are called “engineered pigments,” which typically have a narrower particle size distribution than the natural clay.
Today, detritus borne by river water and flowing seaward from the Appalachian Highland in South Carolina and Georgia is as much as 80% kaolinite. Abundant kaolinitic materials supplied the necessary detrital mineral supply for the formation of what are now massive commercial kaolin deposits. Trace element data from Dombrowski (1993) suggest that soft and hard kaolins may have been derived from different source rocks on the Piedmont. Dombrowski concluded that granite and gneiss were the source rocks for the soft kaolin deposits, while phyllites (such as those from the Little River Group) were responsible for the hard kaolins in eastern Georgia and South Carolina.
Hinckley (1961) and Kesler (1963) cited freshwater origin to account for the random orientation of kaolinite crystals and the absence of marine fossils in soft kaolins. Pickering and Linkous (1997) drew the similarities between Brazilian Jari clay and Georgia hard kaolins and between Brazilian Capim clays and Georgia soft kaolins. , in a freshwater deltaic site). Cramer (1974) analyzed the subsurface facies pattern in the Cretaceous Coastal Plain and concluded that the kaolin-bearing sediments were of deltaic nature.