By Jill M. Kress

Via research of metaphors of awareness within the philosophy and fiction of William James, Henry James and Edith Wharton, this paintings lines the importance of representations of data, gender and social type, revealing how writers conceived of the self in smooth literature.

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Extra resources for The Figure of Consciousness: William James, Henry James and Edith Wharton (Literary Criticism and Cultural Theory)

Sample text

The ultimate principle of Jainesian consciousness seems to be its creative capacity; still, once James admits that the problem of consciousness is a problem of language, his carefully constructed designs begin to unravel. Though consciousness will be translated into James's notion of "pure experience" by the time he writes the radical empiricism essays, James remains simultaneously committed to his figures (especially of the "stream of consciousness") aild ambivalent about the account of consciousness that they provide.

As we have seen, Lewes uses metaphor to build a framework for identity by suggesting the notion of a center; though Lewes maneuvers this "center" regularly, he paradoxically establishes its rootedness in the self through references to a core, gestures toward inwardness, and the assemblage of figurative chambers and houses for our interiors. Spencer pays more attention to relations; rather than a framework, he invests his theory with images of networks. According to Spencerian psychology, the more the mind evolved, the closer it came to complete integration.

James becomes a landscape artist, "painting" a scene out of nature; he explicitly avoids mind-as-machine language or any systematic, mechanical language. Acutely aware that his image must remain true to the flow of what he calls here, the "wonderful s t r e a m of our C O I I S C ~ O ~ S ~ ~ ~ James SS," uses words like "passage," "transition," "rhythm," and "pace" to ensure that the stream is still progressing. In this sense, the scene is like a moving picture. Though Jaines speaks of "parts," thus indicating a division of the stream, his metaphors and analogies serve to compose a dynamic consciousness, not to pick it apart.

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