By Gabriel Nuchelmans, Egbert P. Bos
A set of 17 formerly released essays on Medieval and Renaissance semantics, prepared in 5 sections on knowledge as opposed to eloquence, the semantics of the proposition, the Medieval contrast among played and signified predication, appellatio rationis, and Renaissance philosophy. such a lot o
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Extra resources for Studies on the History of Logic and Semantics, 12Th-17th Centuries
Sample text
By the same line of argument but starting from (36) instead of (35) we have (45) "" q(d/x)(d/y) E fl. But p(d/x)(d/y) and q(d/x)(d/y) are by assumption identical. Hence (44) and (45) violate the stronger form of (C. ",). This contradiction completes our reductive argument and hence establishes the desired validity. It is seen at the same time, however, that Quine's emphasis on the substitutivity of identity as the main test that our concept of an individual is all right may not have been entirely happy, even when his point is interpreted in the way we just did.
Vq)). If we could rule out the possibility that (55) '", Qp&q(a)' Efl we could produce an inconsistency, for then we would have (56) ~q(alx)Efl by (C. v). x-)'. ) Hence a counter-example cannot be ruled out, and (49) need not be logically true. Does this go to show that our treatment of modality is unnatural? In my opinion it does nothing of the sort, however surprising and disconcerting this phenomenon might first appear. Rather, it gives us a chance of characterizing interesting differences between different kinds of modal notions.
Instead of rehearsing their weighty and eloquent reasons I shall merely register the fact that this assumption amply justifies my claim that the consequent of (1) is false. For who among the actual candidates is the invincible one? The labors of the supporters of the several candidates suggest that they at least are not convinced of the historical (and even less of the logical) necessity of their favorite's being nominated and elected. The underlying semantical reason why the existential generalization (1) (or (1 *) fails is also obvious.