By Heinz Rennenberg (auth.), Dieter Grill, Michael Tausz, Luit J. De Kok (eds.)
Glutathione is a thiol-containing tripeptide, which seems to be found in approximately all residing organisms and that is excited by many very important metabolic and physiological strategies. the current quantity makes a speciality of the organic importance of glutathione in crops. The biochemistry and the metabolism of glutathione are reviewed, and its function in sulphur and selenium metabolism in crops is mentioned. the importance of glutathione and of glutathione-related enzymes within the variation to traditional tension, heavy metals, xenobiotics, pollution, and in plant-pathogen and plant-animal interactions are evaluated. the most objective of this moment quantity within the sequence Plant Ecophysiology is to elevate the curiosity of complex scholars and junior researchers within the function of glutathione in crops and to provide easy and entire info for scientists already engaged on similar topics.
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Extra info for Significance of Glutathione to Plant Adaptation to the Environment
Sample text
1990) or to display an absolute requirement for NADPH, which can be produced in the matrix by some TCA cycle enzymes (Rasmusson and Møller 1990). In maize, the almost exclusive localization of GR activity in the mesophyll cells may be explained by the comparative lack of reductant in the bundle sheath cells, which have very low amounts of 34 Photosystem II (Doulis et al. 1997). The absence of GR from the maize bundle sheath is due to post-transcriptional regulation, since GR transcripts are found in both cell types (Pastori et al.
The factors have not been identified that cause these marked increases in glutathione when the cell’s capacity to process is outstripped by the rate of photorespiratory generation. One possibility is oxidation-induced de-repression of translation of the enzymes of glutathione synthesis (Xiang and Oliver 1998). The increases in glutathione were accompanied by a marked oxidation of the glutathione pool (Smith et al. 1984, Willekens et al. 1997, Noctor et al. 2000). Again, this effect was specific and did not reflect general oxidation of cellular components, since the foliar ascorbate pool remained highly reduced in both tobacco and barley (Willekens et al.
1992) and this can be accompanied by higher glutathione contents (Volk and Feierabend 1989). 44 A striking feature of catalase deficiency is that does not accumulate. Rather, components such as glutathione appear to act as sacrificial electron donors. The mechanisms that link catalase deficiency to glutathione accumulation and oxidation are unclear. In the barley mutant, which had less than 10 % of wild-type catalase activity, foliar glutathione contents increased about 6-fold within four days of exposure to air (Smith et al.