By Mark L. Mitchell, Janina M. Jolley
Psychology scholars; examine pros.
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Extra resources for Research Design Explained, 7th Edition
Sample text
After all, many of these beliefs seem logical and have the weight of either popular or expert opinion behind them. Consequently, some fear that, rather than seeing what the evidence says, psychologists will base their decisions about what 16 CHAPTER 1 • Science, Psychology, and You is true on whether the claim is consistent with either popular or expert opinion. Although some therapists have ignored the objective evidence, scientific psychologists have been diligent about testing even the most “obviously true” of ideas.
Because there are so many rules that may come into play in a given situation, predicting what a given individual will do in that situation would be difficult even if you knew all the rules. Psychologists agree with cynics that predicting an individual’s behavior is difficult. However, they disagree with the cynic’s assumption that there are no rules underlying behavior. Instead, psychologists know of general rules that are useful for predicting the behavior of most people much of the time. As Sherlock Holmes said, “You can never foretell what any man will do, but you can say with precision what an average number will be up to.
In such a race, if you were first, you might make millions. If you were second (like the poor guy who tried to patent the telephone 2 hours after Alexander Graham Bell did), you would make nothing. Although such races for dollars are common in chemistry, they are rare in psychology. Productive Perhaps because psychologists have been so good at sharing, psychologists have made tremendous progress. One hundred years ago, a person could know everything about every area of psychology. Today, even psychologists cannot know everything about their own area of psychology.