By Nancy B. Simmons (auth.), Ross D. E. MacPhee (eds.)
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Additional info for Primates and Their Relatives in Phylogenetic Perspective
Example text
NANCY B. , Mabee, 1989). However, a recent study of 27 data sets by Nixon and Davis (1991) demonstrated that ordered characters can produce more, equal, or less equally parsimonious trees and can increase, decrease, or have no effect on tree resolution. As mentioned above, the summary data set contains 112 binary characters and 42 multistate characters. All of the analyses previously discussed (illustrated in Figs. 2-8) were run with all multistate characters unordered. , 0 ~ 1 ~ 2 ~ 3 ~ 4 ~ 5 ~ 6) produces different phylogenetic results.
The nature of this hierarchical dependence can be construed as a series of prerequisites: in order to have the derived condition of Character C, you must first have the derived condition of Character B; and in order to have the derived condition of Character B, you must first have the derived condition of Character A. What makes these characters somewhat confusing is that the dependence is only one way (Character B is dependent on Character A, but not vice versa), and that the dependence is not complete (knowledge of the distribution of states of Character A allows inference of the condition of Character B only under certain circumstances).
Felsenstein, 1985; Sanderson, 1989). Taken most simply, a taxonomic grouping that appears in 95% or more of the trees resulting from bootstrap replicates could be considered to be significantly supported at the 95% level (Felsenstein, 1985). ~ ,,~ b0'" ~ ~. ~ ~'"