By Robert Audi
Featuring the main complete and lucid account of the subject at present on hand, Robert Audi's "Practical Reasoning and moral choice" is key interpreting for someone drawn to the position of cause in ethics or the character of human motion. the 1st a part of the publication is a close serious evaluation of the influential theories of sensible reasoning present in Aristotle, Hume and Kant, while the second one half examines useful reasoning within the mild of vital subject matters in ethical psychology - weak spot of will, self-deception, clarification and others. within the 3rd half, Audi describes the function of ethical rules in sensible reasoning and clarifies the way in which functional reasoning underlies moral judgements. He formulates a finished set of concrete moral rules, explains how they follow to reasoning approximately what to do, and exhibits how sensible reasoning publications ethical behavior.
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Additional resources for Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision
Example text
Practical reasoning and ethical decision 36 Since morals, therefore, have an influence on the actions and affections, it follows, that they cannot be deriv’d from reason; and that because reason alone…can never have any such influence. (457) As to how morals influence action, Hume’s view is quite understandable in the light of one of his important statements about the meaning of moral judgments. He says that [W]hen you pronounce any action or character to be vicious, you mean nothing, but that from the constitution of your nature you have a feeling or sentiment of blame from the contemplation of it.
But unlike Aristotle, Hume does not conceive pleasure in that way. Nonetheless, desire remains his fundamental motivational notion, as seems implicit in what I have quoted. If passions are roughly desires (including aversions as a kind of negative desire), how does Hume conceive the “indirect passions”? He says of these that they “arise from a double relation of impressions and ideas…. Thus a suit of fine clothes produces pleasure from their beauty; and this pleasure produces the direct passions, or the impressions of volition and desire” (439).
If, on the other hand, we think of reason as inert, we may want to construe the conclusion of Humean practical reasoning more narrowly, say as a judgment to the effect that one must either stop or else sink and suffocate. Making this judgment, together with the agent’s desire to avoid suffocating, can be seen to motivate stopping. The judgment thus plays a practical role without itself having normative—and in that sense practical—content. Similarly, on this narrow interpretation, even the major premise should not be taken to be in any way normative.