By Bruce Shade
This publication is a conveyable, effortless to view, fast reference pocket consultant. It places the foremost issues approximately the way to realize a few of the dysrhythmias and cardiac stipulations on the fingertips of the practitioner permitting them to speedy determine what they see within the box and/or scientific environment. it's also a useful gizmo within the lecture room for the scholar to quick search for key details. there's a brief creation that talks concerning the position of the center, lead placement and the 9 step approach for examining a few of the wave types and features. It in short describes the conventional and irregular positive factors came upon on ECG tracings. It visually demonstrates how one can calculate the center fee, determine irregularities and establish and degree some of the waveforms, durations and segments. The introductory info is via chapters, damaged out by means of the place the dysrhythmias originate (i.e., sinus, atrial, junctional, ventricular, AV center block), at the key features of assorted dysrhythmias and prerequisites that may be detected by utilizing the electrocardiogram. McGraw-Hill Public security site
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Additional resources for Pocket ECGs: A Quick Information Guide
Sample text
Time (duration, rate) • The PR segment is used as the baseline from Figure 2-27 ST segment, T wave, and QT interval. which to evaluate the degree of displacement of the ST segment from the isoelectric line. 04 seconds (one small box) after the J point. The ST segment is considered elevated if it is above the baseline and considered depressed if it is below it. indd 47 Analyzing the ECG 47 7/24/06 1:48:24 PM Chapter 2 Analyzing the ECG 48 T wave • Larger, slightly asymmetrical waveform that follows the ST segment.
Indd 48 Figure 2-28 U waves. 7/24/06 1:48:24 PM Abnormal P waves Evaluate P waves • P waves seen with impulses that originate in the SA node but travel through altered or damaged atria (or atrial conduction pathways) appear tall and rounded or peaked, notched, wide and notched or biphasic. Absent Present • P waves appear different than sinus P waves when the impulse arises from the atria instead of the sinus node. Unusual Normal, Inverted looking round • Sawtooth appearing waveforms (flutter waves) occur when an ectopic site in the atria fires rapidly.
A heart rate greater than 100 BPM is called tachycardia. ∞ It has many causes and leads to increased myocardial oxygen consumption, which can adversely affect patients with coronary artery disease and other medical conditions. ∞ Extremely fast rates can have an adverse affect on cardiac output. ∞ Also, tachycardia that arises from the ventricles may lead to a chaotic quivering of the ventricles called ventricular fibrillation. indd 25 Analyzing the ECG 25 7/24/06 1:48:21 PM Chapter 2 Analyzing the ECG 26 Heart rate Slow • Sinus bradycardia • Sinus arrest* • Junctional escape • Idioventricular rhythm • AV heart block • Atrial flutter or fibrillation with slow ventricular response Normal Fast • Normal sinus rhythm • Sinus dysrhythmia • Wandering atrial • Sinus tachycardia • Junctional tachycardia • Atrial tachycardia, SVT, • • pacemaker Accelerated junctional rhythm • Atrial flutter or fibrillation with normal ventricular response PSVT Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) • Ventricular tachycardia • Atrial flutter or fibrillation with fast ventricular response *Heart rate can also be normal Figure 2-6 Heart rate algorithm.