By Wout van Wezel, R. J. Jorna, Alexander M. Meystel
Making plans in clever structures discusses the diversities and similarities within the making plans ways of varied medical fields by way of studying established making plans features that exist in all making plans techniques. every one bankruptcy, damaged into functional sections, encompasses a brief advent, linking the contents of that bankruptcy to the most rules featured in previous chapters, equivalent to making plans habit in numerous events, modeling of making plans aid structures, mathematical types for making plans aid, and making plans in man made intelligence.
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Extra info for Planning in Intelligent Systems: Aspects, Motivations, and Methods
Sample text
However, a robot may possess the same characteristics. The only difference might be that we know we have programmed the robot’s behavior with some kind of planning algorithm, whereas the way in which a human plans his or her actions is largely unknown. To settle this for Hommel, we will analyze how human actions score on the definition of planning discussed in the introduction. There we stated that planning is a synthetic task in which an alternative from a large set of structurally similar alternatives has to be chosen based on constraints and goals.
In a sense, acting is just another, rather late step of stimulus processing. Unfortunately, however, this view does not capture the goal-directed nature of intentional action, as the following example illustrates. 1. 2. 1. A standard stage model of human information processing. 2. 2. Sketch of a reaction-time task. It requires a left-hand keypressing response to a low tone (shown in this example), as well as a right-hand response to a high tone (not shown). , is presented via the left or right loudspeaker, as shown in the left and right panel, respectively), and subjects are asked to ignore it.
More recently, progress has been made in extending these insights to humans. Interestingly, watching actions activates the human homologue of that part of the macaque brain where the mirror neurons were detected (Grafton, Arbib, Fadiga, and Rizzolatti, 1996). And these structures also seem to share their functional characteristics, especially the sensitivity to goal-directed, meaningful action. , 1997). Indeed, this is what the ideomotor account would lead one to expect, because only familiar actions should be represented by integrated clusters of perceptual 38 NEUROCOGNITION OF ACTION PLANNING and motor codes.