By Bei Yang
Tones are the main difficult element of studying chinese language as a moment language, and L2 freshmen’ perceptual different types vary in vital and interesting methods from these of local audio system. This e-book explores the connection among tone conception and creation between local audio system and non-native rookies as illustrated within the experiments the writer performed with local audio system, actual freshmen and history beginners, all of whom have been established on their skill to provide tones obviously and to understand eighty one synthesized tones in quite a few contexts. The experiments exhibit that every workforce approaches tones in a different way in regards to either check in (tonal point) and contour (tonal shape). the consequences additionally demonstrate how 3 forms of cues – acoustic, mental and contextual – impact non-native audio system’ tone notion and production.
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Extra info for Perception and Production of Mandarin Tones by Native Speakers and L2 Learners
Example text
Tao, and Z. Bond. 2008. Identification of acoustically modified Mandarin tones by native listeners. Journal of Phonetics 36(4): 537–563. Lehiste, I. 1970. Suprasegmentals. Boston: MIT press. , K. Harris, J. Kinney, and H. Lane. 1961. The discrimination of relative onset time of the components of certain speech and nonspeech patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology 61: 379–388. Lin, T. 1983. Tantao Beijinghua Qingyin Xingzhi de Chubu Shiyan. Yuyanxue Luncong 10: 16–37. , and J. Yan. 1980. Beijinghua Qingsheng de Shengxue Xingzhi.
The symbols on the top left of IPA represent Ping tone. The symbols on the bottom left, top right, and bottom right represent Shang, Qu, and Ru tones, respectively. 2). Duanmu (2000) criticized the inadequacies of some transcription systems including those depicted in (6) since they “give no indication of the pitch values of the tones” (Duanmu 2000: 211). Despite this, in some contexts—for example, when we know the pitch values of the tones and just want to transcribe the tone type—it is convenient to indicate tone categories alone.
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