By David K. Lewis
This is often the 1st of a three-volume selection of David Lewis' latest papers in the entire parts to which he has made major contributions. this primary quantity is dedicated to Lewis' paintings on philosophical common sense from the prior twenty-five years. the subjects coated contain: deploying the tools of formal semantics from synthetic formalized languages to typical languages, model-theoretic investigations of intensional common sense, contradiction, relevance, the diversities among analog and electronic illustration, and questions coming up from the development of bold formalized philosophical structures.
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Extra resources for Papers in Philosophical Logic
Example text
It has been that . ' = 'Somewhere . ' = 'It must be that . ' = 'Strictly speaking . ' Then if the semantic value of the first sentence is to determine its truth in various contexts, and if that value is to be determined by the values of constituents, then the value of the second sentence must provide information about how the second sentence varies in truth value when the relevant feature of context is shifted. I emphasized that context-dependence was multifarious, but perhaps the shifty kind of context-dependence is less so.
To go beyond syntax, a compositional grammar must associate with each expression an entity that I shall call its semantic value. ) These play a twofold role. First, the semantic values of some expressions, the sentences, must enter somehow into determining whether truth-in-English would be achieved if the expression were uttered in a given context. Second, the semantic value of any expression is to be determined by the semantic values of the (immediate) constituents from which it is built, together with the way it is built from them.
Or White did it and Holmes tells Watson that White did it. This is a veridical sense of telling whether, in which telling falsely whether does not count as telling whether at all, but only as purporting to tell whether. This veridical sense may or may not be the only sense of 'tell whether'; it seems at least the most natural sense. 'Whether'-clauses may be abbreviated. Holmes knows or tells whether Green or . . or White did it if and only if he knows or tells whether Green did it or . . or White did it.