By Professor Seiichi Kagoshima, Professor Hiroshi Nagasawa, Professor Takashi Sambongi (auth.)
This quantity bargains with actual homes of electrically one-dimensional conductors. It contains either an outline of easy innovations and a assessment of modern development in examine. One-dimensional conductors are these fabrics during which an electrical present flows simply in a single particular crystal course whereas the resistivity is especially excessive in transverse instructions. It was once approximately 1973 while a lot realization started to be focussed on them and investigations all started in earnest. The study was once inspired via the winning development of crystals of the natural conductor TTF-TCNQ and of the inorganic conductor KCP. New thoughts, attribute of 1 measurement, have been verified within the in vestigations in their homes. Many new one-dimensional conductors have been additionally chanced on and synthesized. This box of analysis is beautiful due to the discovery of recent ma terials, phenomena and ideas that have just recently came across a spot within the framework of conventional solid-state physics and fabrics technology. The relation of this subject to the broader box of solid-state sciences is for this reason nonetheless doubtful. this example is obviously mirrored within the vast distribution of the fields of specialization of researchers. because of this, and in addition to the quick growth of study, no introductory booklet has been to be had which covers lots of the vital fields of study on one-dimensional conductors.
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Additional info for One-Dimensional Conductors
Example text
Nesting of the Fermi surface. (a,b) One dimension. - d) perpendicular to the Id axis is infinite since the positional uncertainty of Id electrons is zero in those directions. The pictorial representation in Fig. 8b clarifies the discussion given in the first paragraph of this section. The Fermi surface at kll = kF coincides perfectly with the translated surface at kll = -kF for the translation with Q = 2kF. Such an overlap of planes by translation is called a nesting. The nesting is perfect in Id.
13]. 14a,b. Impurity pinning. (a) Strong pinning. (b) Weak pinning ------------~)(r_----~)(~--------~)~(-----x ----~)(~)(~)(~~)(e)(~--~)(~)~(~)(~)eo~(~)e()~()+(~)~e~o+(~)(~x The strong pinning occurs when the impurity potential is strong enough or when the impurity density is sufficiently low. In this case, the phase ¢J is locked in ¢J(Xi) = 7r - QXi at each impurity site so that the potential energy H' becomes minimum. 14a. The weak pinning corresponds to a weak impurity potential or a high density of impurities.
90) €o = - where til is called a transfer integral. 22 depicts the cosine band thus obtained. I.. a k Fig. 22. 92) In this model the electron states near k = 0 behave like free electrons having the effective mass m*. If the electrons are highly localized this makes til small and m* large, as one would expect for less mobile particles. The effective mass of general k is written as l/m* == (d 2Ek/dk2)/1i2 giving rise, in this model, to a positive (or zero) mass, m*~O, for Ikl:S71,/2a 42 and a negative mass, m*