By Steven Specter, Mauro Bendinelli, Herman Friedman

There has been an immense raise in curiosity within the neuropathogenicity of viruses in past times decade as we've come to acknowledge that the human immunodeficiency virus, which motives the received immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), can infect glial cells and reason neurological disorder. but this raise has no longer been constrained to AIDS yet has prolonged to viruses that infect both or either the valuable and peripheral apprehensive structures. The alterations tested the following contain either neurological and mental illnesses or syndromes. furthermore, the chapters during this quantity evaluation the interplay of the host immune method with the viruses tested and the way such interactions may well raise or lessen the neuropatho­ genicity of the viruses. Questions concerning viral neuropathogenesis comprise: (I) what's the mode of transmission of virus to the worried approach? (2) What varieties of cells are contaminated, and do they include receptors for the virus? (3) what's the volume of wear and tear that effects from viral an infection? (4) What are the immunologic mecha­ nisms through which harm is mediated or restricted? lots of those questions stay unanswered, yet this quantity delves into efforts to supply a few answers.

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Viral mimicry of self-antigens, especially in patients who may have a genetic predisposition that often is related to MHC class II typing, may be one mode for the development of autoimmune disease after viral infection. 24 In addition, viruses that directly infect immune cells are associated with immune dysregulation, which can lead to states ranging from immunodeficiency to autoimmunity. 4. IMMUNE RESPONSES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Normally the CNS has a relatively small population of immune cells.

Griffin, D. , and Gendelman, H. , 1985, Postinfectious encephalomyelitis, Semin. Neurol. 5:180-190. 8. Miller, H. , Stanton, J. , and Gibbons, J. , 1956, Parainfectious encephalomyelitis and related syndromes,] Med. 25:427-505. 9. Hanshaw, J. , Dudgeon, J. , and Marshall, W. , 1985, Viral Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn, 2nd ed. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 10. Johnson, R. , and Lyon, G. ), 1988, Virus Infections and the Developing Nervous System, Kluwer, Dordrecht. 11. Wiley, C. , and Nelson, J.

Cellular versus humoral versus other factors such as cytokines). At the other end of the continuum are the eNS parainfectious and autoimmune diseases in which the immune system, once triggered, is completely responsible for the pathogenesis of disease. In all of these situations there is a complex interaction of the immune system with the eNS and the virus. The interaction is affected by intrinsic properties of the virus, the intactness of the immune system, and the genetic makeup particular to each individual.

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