By Luis Santamaria, Ildefonso Ingelmo, Lucía Alonso, José Manuel Pozuelo, Rosario Rodríguez
The prostate hosts a major quantity of neuroendocrine cells which beginning and sensible position must be larger addressed. those cells synthesize and carry a few neurosecretory elements (serotonin, neuropeptides) having regulative actions over progress, telephone differentiation, and secretion and may have a amazing impact within the improvement of prostatic proliferative problems resembling hyperplasia or melanoma. furthermore, the self sustaining fearful approach seems correct within the upkeep of structural and useful integrity of the prostate, a large choice of peptidergic fibres has been defined within the prostate gland; resembling neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) nerves, and so forth. there's proof approximately morphologic and sensible relationships among neuroendocrine cells and prostate nerve fibres, leading to a neuro-hormonal procedure that will modulate the androgenic motion at the prostate.
Using immunohistochemistry and stereologic quantification, the authors of the current research care for the demonstration that the neuroendocrine cells inhabitants from transition region of the human prostate used to be more than in either vital and peripheral areas, and this is installed relation to the genesis of BPH. in addition, they saw that the neuroendocrine cells and the peptidergic innervation of rat prostate will be stimulated through getting older and androgenic prestige. different elements, as pharmacological castration, or prolactin motion, should be additionally modulate the neuroendocrine-peptidergic system.
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Additional resources for Neuroendocrine Cells and Peptidergic Innervation in Human and Rat Prostrate
Example text
This partially agrees with results obtained by other authors (Jimenez et al. 1999), who also found some neuroendocrine cells in ventral acini. In this respect, some authors also observed neuroendocrine cells in rat prostate acini only after treatment with testosterone (Angelsen et al. 1999). 3 Quantitative Changes of Neuroendocrine Cells during Postnatal Development Stereological methods are very appropriate to quantify both relative (numerical densities) or absolute (number of cells per organ) numbers of neuroendocrine Introduction 47 cells.
5 was considerably higher in normal prostate, with special reference to the transition zone. This discordance may be explained by the fact that the study by Aumuller et al. (Aumuller et al. 1999) did not indicate whether the specimens studied came from the transition zone of adult prostate. 3 Neuroendocrine Markers in the Prostate The most common neuroendocrine markers are summarized in Table 1. They can be grouped as nonneuropeptidic and neuropeptidic markers: The term neuropeptidic indicates the presence of an active peptide with a putative neurotransmitter function, whereas a nonneuropeptidic marker can have an active (hormonal) role, for example, serotonin, or another functional/structural role (chromogranin, synaptophysin).
1995a Developmental stages are used in the embryonic period and Dayal 1997). There are three principal types: chromogranin A, chromogranin B, and chromogranin C (secretogranin II) (Feldman and Eiden 2003). The function of these proteins is not clearly known, but it seems to be related to processing and storage of regulating peptides (DeLellis and Dayal 1997). The chromogranins are distributed throughout all of the neuroendocrine system, predominating as one of three types in a particular tissue; for example, in pancreatic neuroendocrine cells chromogranin A predominates, with little expression of chromogranin B (Hagn et al.