By Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, H. Hahn

Tuberculosis continues to be one of many major deadly infections in people. With annual morbidity and mortality charges around the globe of eight and a couple of million circumstances respectively, the disorder is way from being eliminated. in truth, the harmful liaison among TB and HIV, and the expanding incidences of multi-drug resistant lines of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are demanding the matter. the most recent epidemiological info point out that new medications and a singular vaccine are urgently had to keep watch over TB competently. This quantity summarizes the cutting-edge within the prevention, prognosis and treatment of TB. furthermore, the molecular biology of M. tuberculosis and the immunology of the host reaction are offered. Researchers are commencing to know how the immune reaction controls the pathogen particularly successfully, but fails to remove it thoroughly within the 2 billion humans world wide who're contaminated yet don't increase the illness. eventually, contemporary recommendations in the direction of the advance of recent vaccines are reviewed.

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Additional resources for Mycobacteria and Tb (Issues in Infectious Diseases, 2)

Sample text

DNA fingerprint patterns of representative strains of six subspecies of the M. tuberculosis complex. These DNA fingerprint patterns were prepared by IS6110, PGRS and IS1081 RFLP typing and spoligotyping. From left to right, bands in the respective RFLP patterns are displayed from high to low molecular weight and the spoligo patterns from spacer 1 to spacer 43. The MIRU typing patterns are represented by numbers, each digit represents the number of repetitive units at a different locus. The dendrogram was prepared using the Dice-UPGMA method and reflects the combined equal-weight similarity of the strains by the five methods displayed.

J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:2425–2433. 36 Diaz R, Kremer K, de Haas PE, Gomez RI, Marrero A, Valdivia JA, van Embden JD, van Soolingen D: Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Cuba outside of Havana, July 1994–June 1995: Utility of spoligotyping versus IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998;2:743–750. 37 Das S, Chan SL, Allen BW, Mitchison DA, Lowrie DB: Application of DNA fingerprinting with IS986 to sequential mycobacterial isolates obtained from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hong Kong before, during and after short-course chemotherapy.

For M. tuberculosis complex isolates with a small number or no IS6110 copies, IS6110 RFLP typing is insufficiently discriminative [15, 35, 43]. The DNA of strains with less than five copies of IS6110 is therefore digested with restriction enzyme AluI and, after electrophoreses and Southern blotting, subjected to a hybridization to a polymorphic GC-rich sequence (PGRS) probe [15]. Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis 19 In figure 1 the discriminatory power of PGRS RFLP is illustrated for the M.

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