By Sandrine Decarre
This e-book provides the basics of multiphase construction with reference to circulate simulations in multiphase pipelines, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering. It provides first an outline of the multiphase circulate styles which may seem in a pipe and explains how they're controlled via the types. It additionally deals a great creation to modeling of hydrodynamic results, thermodynamics and thermal exchanges. Multiphase pumps at the moment are deployed in fields, even if onshore, offshore or subsea, around the globe, the place normal reservoir strain is inadequate. The ebook provides a few of the multiphase pump ideas and explains their working ideas and the way they are often brought right into a construction procedure. An sufficient instrumentation method is required to observe and keep watch over the functionality of such structures and multiphase meters are more and more utilized in position of traditional attempt separators, either offshore and onshore. This e-book offers the elemental ideas of multiphase metering, which is dependent upon a mix of simple measurements, and especially the capacity to meter the oil, fuel and produced water flowrates in multiphase stipulations.
Content:
entrance subject
• Symbols
• desk of Contents
1. Multiphase circulate in Pipelines
2. Multiphase Pumping
three. Multiphase Metering
four. New demanding situations
• References
Index
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Additional resources for Multiphase Production - Pipeline Transport, Pumping and Metering
Sample text
2 Some examples of correlations Correlation Nbr of numerical parameters State variables required Vapour Pressure Poling et al. [2001] Antoine Wagner 3 4 T Liquid volume Rackett [ 19701 Passut & Danner [ 19721 3 T 4 T Ideal Gas Heat Zapacity Henry constant Oil-Gas surface tension Oil phase thermal conductivity Oil and gas phase viscosity Aly&Lee[1981] I Harvey_ I1_ 9901 . I T I 2 T PLl P" I Phase physical properties Campbell [ I9841 Lohrentz, Bray & Clark [ 19641 Volume translation in eos Ungerer [ 19971 Quadratic mixing rules 5 3 I Soave (1 972) Mathias & Copeman [ I9831 Twu [ 19951 ~ I Macleod [ I9231 I Alfa function in cubic eos Linear mixing rules I T Kay rule for pseudo-critical parameters [ 19361, For the covolumes in eos..
For example, a converging or diverging junction will change the flow pattern. The phenomenon of “severe slugging”, a non-stable production event, may also occur. This can pose serious problems, because large and fluctuating rates of gas and liquid can severely reduce production and in the worst cases shut down or damage topside equipment such as separator vessels and compressors. Consequently, predicting slug characteristics is essential for the optimal, efficient, safe and economical design and operation of multiphase gas-liquid slug flow systems.
Moreover, due to the depressurisation inside extremely deep offshore risers, gas phase expansion and light cuts vaporisation produces severe cooling of the emuent produced. Another concern specific to deep sea flow lines is the risk of gas hydrate plugs forming relatively high temperature under high pressure, especially during production shutdown and restart episodes. The cool-down time needed to reach the hydrate formation temperature in shutdown conditions is a major requirement of deep sea flow lines and must be long enough to allow the completion of flow line emptying operations, or start-up of dedicated heating.