By Jean Roberts (auth.)
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The water particles are small enough to pass across the membranes of the sultana cells. The cells are surrounded by a high concentration of water particles. They contain a low concentration of water particles. The water particles therefore move from the region of higher concentration outside the cells to the region of lower concentration inside the cells. e. 6 The sultana experiment at the membrane level (diagrammatic) Cells at work 29 diffusion. This never happens. In fact, the sultana will swell to a certain size and stop.
Exercise----------------------------, What do you think has happened to the sultana? Check your answer with that below. Discussion of results The sultana appears to have taken up water. We need to take a closer look at the cell surface membrane to understand why this has happened. Look at Fig. 6. ) Notice that the sultana contains a high concentration of sugar particles. These are big particles. They are too big to pass across the membrane and therefore stay inside the cells. 5 The sultana experiment: (a) the start of the experiment, (b) the end of the experiment outside the cell.
The part of the molecule separating the amino and the carboxyl groups is different in different amino acids. For example: • the amino acid glycine has just three atoms between the amino and the carboxyl group • the amino acid valine has twelve atoms between the amino and the carboxyl group. Some amino acids are even larger than valine! 5 (a) An amino acid; (b) proteins are built up from amino acids bonding together Amino acids bond together to make proteins. The bonds between amino acids are called peptide bonds.