By Muhammad Asif
Genetically uniform cultivars in lots of self-pollinated cereal vegetation dominate advertisement creation in high-input environments in particular because of their excessive grain yields and extensive geographical model. those cultivars quite often practice good lower than favorable and high-input farming platforms yet their optimum functionality can't be completed on marginal/organic lands or with no using exterior chemical inputs (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides). Cereal breeding courses objective at comparing candidate lines/cultivars for agronomic, disorder and caliber features in a weed loose atmosphere that makes it very unlikely to spot characteristics conferring aggressive skill opposed to weeds. additionally, quantification of aggressive skill is a fancy phenomenon that's tormented by diversity of progress features. Above (e.g. mild) and less than (e.g. water and nutrition) floor assets additionally impression competitiveness to a better quantity. Competitiveness is quantitatively inherited trait that's seriously prompted by way of many components together with genotype, administration, atmosphere and their interplay. Sound plant breeding strategies and sturdy experimental designs are necessities for maximizing genetic profits to reproduce cultivars for organically controlled lands. The short is concentrated on breeding wheat for improved aggressive skill in addition to different agronomic, genetic and molecular reports which have been undertaken to enhance weed suppression, affliction resistance and caliber in organically controlled lands. The examples from different cereals have additionally been highlighted to match wheat with different cereal crops.
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Additional resources for Managing and Breeding Wheat for Organic Systems: Enhancing Competitiveness Against Weeds
Sample text
2006) (Zuo et al. 2012) (Rebetzke et al. 50A (continued) (Zhou et al. 2007) (YUE et al. 12 (Zhang et al. 2004) (Zhu et al. 2008) (Zhang et al. 2005) (Zhou et al. 2 Genetics and Genomics of Competitiveness 43 44 3 Strategies to Enhance Competitive Ability demand of ever increasing human population, plant breeders are adopting new approaches to develop cultivars with improved crop yields, better quality, and enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. During the last two decades, a large number of genetic tools based on molecular marker technologies have been evolved that resulted in precise genotyping to study the level and change of molecular diversity in a particular crop species.
Plant Soil 284:73–84 Bailey KL (2010) Canadian innovations in microbial biopesticides. Can J Plant Pathol 32:113–121 Balyan RS, Malik RK, Panwar RS, Singh S (1991) Competitive ability of winter-wheat cultivars with wild oat (Aavena udoviciana). Weed Sci 39:154–158 Barberi P (2002) Weed management in organic agriculture: are we addressing the right issues? Weed Res 42:177–193 46 3 Strategies to Enhance Competitive Ability Begna SH, Hamilton RI, Dwyer LM, Stewart DW, Cloutier D, Assemat L, Foroutan-Pour K, Smith DL (2001) Weed biomass production response to plant spacing and corn (Zea mays) hybrids differing in canopy architecture.
Similarly, landraces of mycorrhizal wheat planted under low input (phosphorous) system yielded more grain yield than modern cultivars planted under similar conditions (Egle et al. 1999; Hetrick et al. 1992). It is therefore suggested that mycorrhizal responsive genes identified in wheat (Hetrick et al. 1995) need to be exploited to breed wheat cultivars for enhanced mycorrhizal root symbiosis to improve competitive ability against weeds. Environmental conditions also affect competitive ability of crop plants and weeds.