By L. R. Goulet

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J. E. Anderson, 1956). Another publication of great importance to the field was the Handbook of Aging and the Individual (Birren, 1959a), which provided the kind of literature review and statement of position in the field that the Murchison handbook had presented for child psychology thirty years earlier. The aging handbook was supported by NIH funds, and was developed by a group under the chairmanship of R. Kleemeier of the Gerontological Society. In 1945, Division 20, on Maturity and Old Age, was formed, the first in APA to be approved under the new bylaws.

In all cases the child was examined by a physician and then given a "mental examination" including anthropométrie measures, eye tests, reaction time study, and the like. Witmer's treatment was pedagogical and similar to that which Itard and Seguin had developed in their work with mentally retarded children in Europe and the United States (Fernberger, 1931; Phillips, 1931; Witmer, 1907). Despite some evangelism at the 1896 APA meeting, clinical application of psychology was not 30 Don C. Charles then attractive to most psychologists.

Then, in childhood, the social evolution of man was repeated; only at adolescence could one begin to modify or mold the person. As G. S. Hall (1904) phrased it, one had to allow "the fundamental traits of savagery their fling till twelve [p. x ] . " During adolescence and early maturity however, society had a heavy burden because, according to Hall's interpretation of Lamarckian theory, genetic changes could be effected during this period. A natural scientist of the time expressed the idea: All modifications and variations in progressive series tend to appear first in the adolescent or adult stages of growth, and then to be inherited in successive descendents at earlier and earlier stages according to the law of acceleration, until they either become embryonic, or are crowded out of the organizations, and replaced in the development of characteristics of later origin [Hyatt, 1890, p.

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