By Tim Fulford
Tim Fulford examines panorama description within the writings of Thomson, Cowper, Johnson, Gilpin, Repton, Wordsworth, Coleridge and others. He indicates how panorama description shaped a part of a bigger debate over the character of liberty and authority in a Britain constructing its experience of nationhood, and divulges the tensions that arose as writers sought to outline their courting to the general public sphere. Fulford's leading edge examine deals a brand new view of literary and political impression linking the early eighteenth and 19th centuries.
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Additional resources for Landscape, Liberty and Authority: Poetry, Criticism and Politics from Thomson to Wordsworth
Example text
Anxious that so retired a life will worry rather than woo Elizabeth, he tells her 'I would rather live in the most London Corner of London with you, than in the finest Country Retirement . . without you'. In the face of his anxiety that his vision of retirement will not be shared, the 'sweet embowered' dale, 'overhung with deep woods' seems a fragile refuge, all too violable by the 'dear exquisite Mixture of Pleasure and Pain' of the hopeful/hopeless thoughts of love. To an extent Thomson does not explicitly acknowledge it is a retreat of fear and loneliness rather than a landscape conventionally emblematic of pastoral love or political idylls.
Thomson's foreign landscapes, interventions in home politics, did not overcome the difficulty that politicizing the British landscape undermined his ability to speak for it with apparent disinterest. His location of political divisions in the familiar fields which he had previously represented as places of natural power questioned his own authority as a moralizing poet. His poetry had, in the manner of Dennis's theory, enshrined a contradictory relationship between power and powerlessness, enthusiasm and terror, as a fact of nature rather than a production of society.
Whilst such landscapes are, in Thomson, compromised by the question of his and the Patriots' sincerity and disinterest, they opened a way which Cowper and Wordsworth, unattached to any party or patron, could follow. In Alfred (1740), a masque composed by Thomson and David Mallet, Alfred is viewed as the protector of a native British liberty, a Patriot king threatened by arbitrary and foreign rule. Yet nature's uncontrollable wildness is protective of the King, hostile only to the invading Danes who have defeated him in battle: Nature's own hand Hath planted round a deep defence of woods, The sounding ash, the mighty oak; each tree A sheltering grove: and choak'd up all between With wild encumbrance of perplexing thorns, And horrid brakes.