By Marek Kupiszewski (auth.), Marek Kupiszewski (eds.)
The adjustments of populations are made up our minds by way of fertility, mortality and migration. at the nationwide point, foreign migration is an element of accelerating demographic, monetary, social and political significance. This booklet addresses the controversy at the impression of foreign migration and monetary task on inhabitants and labour strength assets in destiny. It offers a examine carried out for 27 eu international locations, taking a look 50 years forward (2002-2052). a longer dialogue of theories and components underlying the assumed evolution of the elements of swap and fiscal job is integrated in addition to a close research of the historic developments. those theoretical and empirical concerns bring about defining situations of destiny mortality, fertility, monetary task and overseas migration, which were fed right into a projection version, generating a number of destiny inhabitants dynamics and labour strength trajectories. furthermore, simulations were made to estimate the scale of alternative migration had to continue chosen demographic and labour marketplace parameters within the nations of Europe.
The effects offered during this publication let researchers, governments and coverage makers to judge to what quantity a number of migration and labour industry rules could be instrumental achieve the specified inhabitants and labour measurement and structures.
The secondary function of this quantity is to bare the method and argumentation mendacity at the back of a posh inhabitants forecasting and simulation workout, which isn't performed usually, yet is important for the overview of the forecasts and likewise invaluable from a merely didactic standpoint.
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Extra resources for International Migration and the Future of Populations and Labour in Europe
Sample text
The segmentation of the labour market progresses together with technological advancement. In consequence, in developed societies the labour market consists of two separate segments: the first one with stable jobs requiring high skills that are appropriately remunerated, and the second one with low-skilled, poorly paid jobs, which are vulnerable to reductions due to the business cycle. As the natives are not willing to take jobs in the second segment, the excess demand is satisfied with foreign supply.
Personal work permit—allows free access to the labour market for a fixed time (1–3 years) or permanently 2. Work permit for the purpose of employment—allows work for a specific employer 3. Work permit—allows temporary employment in Slovenia in a fixed category of work (Zavratnik Zimic 2004, pp. 50–52) The government determined the annual quotas of the work permits that could be issued in a given year. The assessment of the labour market needs was the main factor taken into account. The number of the annually issued work permits was set such that it could not exceed 5% of the economically active population in Slovenia.
Kicinger needs (21,195 temporary workers and 10,884 permanent workers in 2002; 13,762 temporary workers and 10,575 permanent workers in 2003; Ortega Pérez 2003). The tendency to lower the quotas showed the government’s efforts to limit immigration despite the labour market’s signals. The quota limits were divided between thirdcountry nationals, with an obvious preference given to nationals of countries with which the readmission agreement had been signed (Cornelius 2004). The work permits issued within the quota limits were tied to an employer and were in the sectors particularly unattractive for the native population: agriculture and domestic services.