By K. V. Chugunov, H. Parzinger, A. Nagler (auth.), E. Marian Scott, Andrey Yu. Alekseev, Ganna Zaitseva (eds.)

This publication is a suite of the articles offered on the NATO complicated study Workshop (ARW 979859) held in St. Petersburg, from the 15-18 November 2003 within the Hermitage Museum. The name of the workshop used to be “The impression of our surroundings on Human Migration in Eurasia”. greater than forty scientists from Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Poland, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands, uk, Belgium, Finland, Lithuania and Latvia took half. the subjects of the workshop considering the starting place, improvement, interactions, and migrations of prehistoric and old populations, in particular the Scythians, in Eurasia and their relationships with the surroundings of the time. The dialogue of those questions necessitated the participation of experts from quite a lot of educational fields. past any doubt, the surroundings performed an enormous position within the lifetime of historical nomadic populations, forming the foundation in their economies and influencing a variety of points in their mode of existence. during this recognize, the collaboration of experts within the Humanities and technological know-how is key for the answer of clinical questions referring to those peoples. over the last few years, a large number of new proxy facts regarding environmental alterations throughout the Pleistocene and the Holocene and their influence on human lifestyles has turn into to be had. Our dialogue was once predominantly restricted to environmental alterations on the topic of the Holocene. In st this era of approximately ten thousand years, the focus was once at the 1 millennium BC.

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They may be caused by political ambitions. But there are no doubts that climatic changes played an essential role by stimulating the move of numerous nomads over great distances. 005 and Russian Humanitarian Foundation, Grant No. 03-0100099a. Yu. Scythian chronic (Scythian in the 7th –the 4th century BC: historical archaeological review). Petersburg: The Hermitage Publishing House, 1992. A. The Beginning Stage of the Early Nomads Culture: The Sayan-Altai. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. A. “To the question about eastern pulses in early scythian culture of the North Black Sea region”.

These climatic changes were even more dramatic in the territory of the Kazakhstan steppes, where different zones of vegetation moved almost 200 km to the north (Khabdulina, Zdanovich, 1984). As a result of these changes in the ecosystem, the population of the Black Sea and Aral-Caspian steppe regions were affected by a common ecological crisis. Worsening of climatic conditions had a negative effect on the Pontic steppes archaeological cultures with mixed pastoral-agricultural economy. The crisis might also have been strengthened by anthropogenic influence on the local environment, too (intensive ploughing, destruction of steppe vegetation due to pasturing of the animals, etc).

There, however, was little evidence for these connections. Only after the "royal" barrow of Arzhan in Tuva (Central Asia) had been excavated did it become possible to prove the reality of the facts narrated by Herodotus (Herodotus, IV, 11). Mannai-Ool in 1971 1974 in the Uyuk high-altitude hollow of the Western Sayan, 150 km to the North-West from the center of Asia (the Piy-Khem region, the republic of Tuva, Russia). 1: 1). On the outside it is shored up with a slab casing. Under a massive stone embankment a complex wooden structure consisting of 70 big log frames (a square of area 15-130 sq.

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