By Sada Joshi
Reservoir engineers, drilling engineers, geologists, and creation engineers will locate this well-researched ebook so much precious. the writer attracts from his large event in horizontal operations around the globe and gives you with an intensive figuring out of horizontal good expertise fundamentals. the writer provides background of the expertise, fresh advancements, and simple drilling thoughts. additionally, he discusses elements influencing horizontal good functionality, akin to obviously fractured reservoirs, inaccessible destinations, drilling attic oil, drilling via faults and aid wells. the writer contains box histories and analyses of productiveness and function.
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The platform is usually located on the roof of a tall structure or on a crane. Airborne-based platforms are constructed by mounting remote sensing sensors to aircraft and used for collecting detailed ground information for larger areas. Processing airborne-based data requires more effort than the data from ground-based platforms as the data are affected by the flight and atmospheric conditions. They are also used for calibration of satellitebased remote sensing sensors. Remote sensing systems on space-borne satellites provide relatively good quality and inexpensive data as they obtain data for very large areas of the Earth.
Therefore, by photography, the electromagnetic energy is detected and recorded at the same time on the photographic film and developing the film provides the remotely sensed data in analog form. The remotely sensed data obtained electronically are the data in digital form. Conversion between these formats is possible. Digital data can be recorded on a photographic film to obtain analog data, or analog data can be transformed to digital data by using scanners. In remote sensing, the term image refers to data in picture form.
1 CHARACTERISTICS OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA The detected and stored electromagnetic energy forms the basis of remotely sensed data, which can be obtained photographically or electronically. When the data are obtained photographically, the electromagnetic energy is detected and recorded on photographic films which are sensitive to light. The data are recorded on the film material, which chemically reacts with the electromagnetic energy, in the form of light. Detecting electromagnetic energy electronically, on the other hand, relies on collecting generated electrical signals caused by the variations in the electromagnetic energy for a given view.