By E.M. Hussein
The necessity for this e-book arose from my educating, engineering, and - seek event within the non-power elements of nuclear know-how. the inability of a finished textbook in business functions of radiation annoyed my scholars, who needed to lodge to a large number of textbooks and examine courses to familiarize themselves with the fundam- tal and sensible points of radiation expertise. As an engineer, I needed to gather the layout elements of radiation units by means of trial-and-error, and infrequently through unintentional examining of a worthwhile booklet. As a researcher and a manager of graduate scholars, i discovered that the wanted literature used to be both not easy to discover, or too scattered and numerous. greater than as soon as, i found that what a thrilling new inspiration used to be an previous idea that used to be attempted a number of many years prior in the course of the golden period of “Atom for Peace”. i'm hoping, for that reason, that this e-book will function a unmarried entire reference resource in a starting to be box that I count on will proceed to extend. This e-book is directed to either neophytes and specialists, and is written to mix the outdated and the recent, the elemental and the complicated, the straightforward and the advanced. it truly is expected that this e-book should be of assist in - viving older suggestions, enhancing and increasing current innovations and selling the improvement of recent ones.
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Additional info for Handbook on radiation probing, gauging imaging and analysis. Volume 2, Applications and design
Sample text
2) is useful in studying surfaces and interfaces. It has been used for investigating surface chemistry and films‚ such as in studying the adsorption of surfactants‚ polymers and fatty acids and air-liquid‚ liquid-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces [76]. In addition‚ the neutron refractive index of spin-polarized neutrons 1 is sensitive to ferromagnetic materials‚ making it possible to study surface magnetism [301]. Industrial applications include [73] studying polymers and polymer blends ‚ thin amorphous carbon films‚ Langmuir-Blodgett films2 and semiconductor materials and magnetic multilayers.
Long-term accumulation of radon and radon progeny can be measured by passive integration of counts using nuclear-track detectors‚ such as cellulose nitrate and diglycol carbonate plastic films [357]. The density of the tracks left on such films are indicative of the number of alpha3 Activated carbon refers here to the highly adsorbent powdered or granular carbon‚ used in gas purification and chemical extraction. 462 Radiation Probing‚ Gauging‚ Imaging and Analysis particles to which the film is exposed‚ hence to the cumulative density of radon and radon progeny.
Monitoring is a passive process of probing or inspection. The probing process is particularly helpful in detecting discontinuities caused by abnormal changes in the examined material. Unlike gauging and elemental analysis‚ probing and inspection do not necessarily provide quantified information. Therefore‚ probing and inspection can be seen as assessment tools for diagnosing the condition of an industrial object or a process. Therefore‚ the applications in this chapter are classified by the overall nature of the provided diagnostic information.