By Jeremy C. Ganz M. A. (Cantab), Ph. D. (Bergen), F. R. C. S. (London) (auth.)
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Additional resources for Gamma Knife Surgery: A Guide for Referring Physicians
Example text
Ionising Radiation 23 1 /1000 millionth of an Angstrom unit). In low frequency, long wavelength radiation the wave-like properties dominate. In high frequency, short wavelength radiation, the particle-like properties dominate. jfresent purpose, the range of interest is X-rays (approx. 10 15 to 10Hz) and gamma rays (approx. 10 18 to 1024 Hz) . The essential difference between X-rays and gamma rays is their manner of production. X-rays are the product of deceleration of a stream of electrons. According to electromagnetic theory, acceleration or deceleration of electrically charged particles results in the emission of radiation.
The membranes, enzymes and protein factory of the affected cells may cease to function or function in a deranged fashion. The reproductive functions of the cell may be damaged with destruction or damage to chromosomes, delay in mitosis, mutation and changes in the cell cycle. Reflecting the possibility for repair at the physical and chemical levels, these biological changes may recover or they may not. Finally, if the above changes are not lethal in the short term, over a time scale of months to years late effects may be seen in the form of premature aging, carcinogenesis or growth disturbances in the young.
Gildenberg PL (1988) General concepts of stereotactic surgery. In: Lunsford LD (ed) Modern stereotactic neurosurgery. Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston, pp 3-11 3. Horsley V, Clarke RH (1908) The structure and functions of the cerebellum examined by a new method. Brain 31: 45-124 4. Leksell LA (1949) Stereotaxic apparatus for intracerebral surgery. Acta Chir scand 99: 229-233 5. Spiegel EA, Wycis HT (1962) Stereoencephalotomy. Part II. Clinical and physiological applications. Gruve, New York 6.