By Jorge Tirira, Yves Serruys, Patrick Trocellier (auth.)
The useful homes of many fabrics are ruled by means of floor and near-surface composition and constitution. An realizing of ways the skin area impacts fabric homes begins with an realizing of the fundamental composition of that quarter. because the most typical contaminants are gentle parts (for instance, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen), there's a transparent want for an analytic probe that at the same time and quantitatively documents elemental profiles of all gentle parts. power flinch detection utilizing high-energy heavy ions is exclusive in its skill to supply quantitative profiles of sunshine and medium mass components. As such this technique holds nice promise for the learn of various difficulties in quite a lot of fields. whereas strength draw back detection is among the most up-to-date and so much promising ion beam analytic recommendations, it's also the oldest by way of whilst it was once first defined. earlier than discussing fresh advancements during this box, might be it really is worthy reviewing the early days of this century while the 1st strength draw back detection experiments have been reported.
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Extra resources for Forward Recoil Spectrometry: Applications to Hydrogen Determination in Solids
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16. Ross, G. , Terreault, B .. , Inexpensive, quantitative hydrogen depth profiling for surface probes, J. Nucl. Mater. 1281129,730 (1984). 17. Ross, G. 0 keV deuterium ions in Be, C and Si, NlIcl. lnstrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 45, 190 (1990). 18. Ross, G. , Pageau, J. E, and Gollier, P. , Nuclear microanalysis by means of 350-keV Van de Graaff accelerator, Nucl. lnstrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 66, 17 (1992). 19. Ross, G. , Depth profiling of hydrogen and helium isotopes by means of the ERD ExB technique, Nucl.
At the same time nuclear microprobe applications of ERDA have also been developed since the pioneering work of Tirira and coworkers(20-24) (see also Refs. 38, 67), and Sie(99) presented some interesting results at the Fourth International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications in Shanghai. REFERENCES 1. , Labrie, 1. , Martel, J. , and Saint Jacques, R, An accurate and sensitive method for the determination of the depth distribution oflight elements in heavy materials, 1. Appl.
In particular the electronic stopping power calculation for low energy is based on the Lindhard et at. (22. 23) treatment and for high energies, on the Bethe-Bloch formulation. For evaluating at very low energies, these researchers use the Moliere(38) interatomic potential. Indeed when the ion energy E is relatively high, so that the stopping power is assumed to be described only by electronic interactions, energy L\E lost per L\x traversed can be estimated in a simple way if L\E« E. In fact the Bethe-Bloch formula for stopping power is valid for this energy range, so the approximation S DC lIE can be used (Eq.