By Kirsten MacLeod
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Extra resources for Fictions of British Decadence: High Art, Popular Writing and the Fin De Siecle
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11 In their efforts to promote this ideal, professionals drew on the existing ideals of the landed class and the business middle class and subtly transformed them to suit their own ideals. Thus, professionals borrowed from the aristocratic ideal of the English gentleman and the business middle class ideal of the gospel of work to create a new concept of the gentleman. This transformation of the idea of the gentleman was initiated largely through the reformation of public schools and universities in the early Victorian period.
The Decadents, quite simply, were not aristocrats. Nor, in the end, did the romance of poverty hold much appeal. They could not afford to exist as dilettantes outside the cycle of production even if they wanted to. In entering the literary profession the Decadents became producers subject to the conditions of the marketplace. Though, as Gardiner notes, ‘English decadents may have dreamed like dandies … [they] had often to work like hacks, their works inscribed with material poverty and the fantastic banquets only the hungry can conjure up.
26 The Decadents were virtually all born in the years between the mid-1850s and the early 1870s into middle-class families. They grew up as the rift between the business and professional class was becoming increasingly pronounced, and came of age at the height of the commercialized appropriation of Aestheticism by a bourgeois middle class. 28 Oscar Wilde’s father, for example, was a highly distinguished eye surgeon. By far the most prominent profession associated with the fathers of Decadents, however, was that of clergyman.