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Extra resources for Extractive and Azeotropic Distillation (Advances in Chemistry Series 115)
Example text
I n the t e c h n i q u e d e s c r i b e d here, one o f several effective salts c a p a b l e o f e l i m i n a t i n g the e t h a n o l - w a t e r azeotrope, w o u l d b e u s e d as the s e p a r a t i n g agent i n a n extractive d i s t i l l a t i o n to concentrate e t h a n o l - w a t e r solutions to absolute a l c o h o l . ; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1974. 3. F U R T E R 37 Salt Effect effective salt w i t h this system is p o t a s s i u m acetate; there are several others.
F o r t h e present c a l c u l a t i o n s , the solvent p h y s i c a l properties w e r e t a k e n as those of acetone. T h e solvent s e l e c t i v i t y a n d the h y d r o c a r b o n a c t i v i t y coefficients were v a r i e d over the ranges g i v e n i n T a b l e I. ; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1974. 24 E X T R A C T I V E A N D A Z E O T R O P I C DISTILLATION m o l a r flows f r o m stage to stage. T h e stage-to-stage, m a t e r i a l - a n d ent h a l p y - b a l a n c e p r o c e d u r e w a s also u s e d f o r the f r a c t i o n a l d i s t i l l a t i o n altern a t i v e , u s i n g t h e v a p o r - l i q u i d e q u i l i b r i u m d a t a of R e a m e r a n d Sage (8) for t h e p r o p a n e - p r o p y l e n e b i n a r y system.
F o r process e c o n o m i c s , t h e m o r e i m p o r t a n t o f these factors is g e n e r a l l y the t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e b o t t o m s f r o m t h e solventrecovery c o l u m n since this is the highest solvent t e m p e r a t u r e i n the process. T h e lowest solvent t e m p e r a t u r e is w h e r e t h e solvent is f e d i n t o the p r i m a r y c o l u m n . T h e c h a n g e i n solvent t e m p e r a t u r e is p r o d u c e d b y the solvent cooler, a n d t h e greater t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s w i n g b e t w e e n the hottest a n d the coolest p o i n t s i n the solvent c i r c u i t , t h e h i g h e r is t h e heattransfer d u t y of the solvent cooler.