By David Whittaker
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Extra resources for Estereoquímica y mecanismos
Sample text
Different oxidative tissues prefer different fuels for ATP production, and the preferred fuel may vary with nutritional status of the organism, the whole producing an integrated, adaptable system for energy production. Examples are: 1. Brain. The brain is one of the few tissues whose ATP production (in the fed state) is fueled largely by glucose oxidation. Fats and fatty acids are inaccessible to the brain because of the blood-brain barrier. In starvation, ketone bodies (partially oxidized fatty acids, produced by the liver) can fuel the brain.
HARRIS myosin, permitted after ATP hydrolysis and conformational changes in the myosin head, thus releases this energy which is used in tension development. ) using energy stored in transmembrane ion gradients (see above). Examples include the gut glucose/Na"*" symport and the Na'^/Ca^'^ antiport at the plasma membrane, and the Pj/H"^ symport and Ca^"*" uniport at the mitochondrial membrane. Some transport systems, however, are powered directly by ATP hydrolysis. , Na^ across the plasma membrane) which drive the secondary transport systems described above.
When activated (via an increase in Vmax) phosphorylase can maintain a high level of hexose phosphate production until glycogen is nearly exhausted; it catalyzes the flux generating step of the pathway. In severe exercise, muscle AMP levels mayrisehigh enough for this nucleotide to undergo deamination to inosine monophosphate (IMP), producing NH3. The reason for this is uncertain; it may remove AMP so that adenylate kinase activity is not impaired and ADP build up (which would inhibit actomyosin) is prevented.