By Rajesh Bhatia;R. L. Ichhpujani
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5). DNA probes provide reliable results in a short time (usually less than one day) on a large number of specimens. Though the identification and production of a nucleotide sequence is highly sophisticated and expensive, once produced, they are very cost effective. 36 Essentials of Medical Microbiology PART II Table 5–6. Microbes for which PCR has been performed Bacteria Helicobacter pylori Legionella pneumophila Mycobacterium tuberculosis Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Viruses Coxsackieviruses Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Human immunodeficiency virus Measles virus Human papillomavirus Rotavirus Rubella virus Fungi Candida albicans Protozoa Toxoplasma gondii Pneumocystis carinii Trypanosoma cruzi Rickettsia Rickettsia rickettsiae Ligase Chain Reaction (LCR) The LCR, or ligase amplification reaction, was first described in 1989 and modified in 1991.
Phase contrast iv. Fluorescence microscopy v. Electron microscopy vi. Electron microscopy One of the most impressive features of the electron microscope is the high resolution it provides. Unlike the light microscope, which is limited by wavelength and numerical aperture, the electron microscope forms an image with a beam of electrons that behave somewhat like a wave (Fig. 17). Because resolving power is a function of the wave length, electrons have tremendous power to resolve i. Bright field microscope is the most widely used type of light microscope.
4–8. Total cell count The cell number can be counted as total cell number (Fig. 8) as well as viable count. Viable number of bacteria can be counted by inoculating the suspension onto solid growth medium and counting the number of colonies. Total number of bacteria can be ascertained in specially designed chambers such as Coulter counter. Bacterial Genetics 27 PART II Genetics is the science of heredity. It includes the study of what genes are, how they carry information, how they replicate and pass information to future generation.