By Dmitry Gubanov

This e-book specializes in association and mechanisms of specialist decision-making aid utilizing smooth info and conversation applied sciences, in addition to info research and collective intelligence applied sciences (electronic services or just e-expertise).

Chapter 1 (E-Expertise) discusses the function of e-expertise in decision-making methods. The approaches of e-expertise are categorized, their advantages and shortcomings are pointed out and the potency stipulations are considered.

Chapter 2 (Expert applied sciences and rules) presents a complete evaluation of contemporary professional applied sciences. a different emphasis is put on the specifics of e-expertise. in addition, the authors learn the feasibility and reasonability of making use of recognized tools and techniques in e-expertise.

Chapter three (E-Expertise: association and applied sciences) describes a few examples of updated applied sciences to accomplish e-expertise.

Chapter four (Trust Networks and Competence Networks) bargains with the issues of specialist discovering and grouping by means of info and verbal exchange technologies.

Chapter five (Active services) treats the matter of workmanship balance opposed to any strategic manipulation through specialists or coordinators pursuing person goals.

The e-book addresses a variety of readers drawn to administration, decision-making and professional task in political, fiscal, social and business spheres.

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5) motivational constraints (first of all, nonfinancial incentives). 9. Methods of accelerated reaching a consensus among the participants of an expert procedure regarding their goals and ways of actions, forecasts, opinions, conclusions, as well as most efficient managerial decisions. Different structuring techniques of expert information, which base on some methods of thermodynamics, solution procedures for inverse problems on nonmetric spaces or even methods of quantum mechanics [62, 88, 90], may provide appreciable assistance here.

Researchers distinguish between the descriptive approach and the normative approach to forecasting [77]. The descriptive approach defines possible future states of a forecasted object. An example is a forecast of energy development (the appearance of new energy sources, the usage of existing energy sources after several years). A problem of normative forecasts consists in choosing the ways and periods of reaching desired states of an explored object in future. A normative forecast represents prophecies attracting interest and stimulating some actions.

Using the results for decision-making based on modeling Output information for a Principal Fig. 1 A typical scheme of expertise of the topic of expertise require additional analysis and efforts from coordinators of e-expertise. Organizational methods of expert selection and forming of expert groups, namely, • • • • • • assignment methods; mutual recommendation methods (‘‘snowball’’ methods); sequential recommendation methods; nomination methods for professional units and organizations by collectives; documentation methods; testing methods, etc.

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